Materials Science and Engineering Importance

ME224 Course Overview

• Course outcomes: evaluate types, properties, and characteristics of engineering materials; identify new engineering materials and their industrial usage; and evaluate material behavior under different testing conditions.

Nature of Materials

• Types of engineering materials: categorized based on composition, properties, and applications
• Engineering materials composition: atomic structure, bonding, and defects
• Chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds

Properties and Characteristics of Materials

• Physical properties: density, thermal conductivity, and optical properties
• Mechanical properties: strength, toughness, and ductility
• Chemical properties: corrosion resistance and reactivity
• Thermal properties: thermal expansion, conductivity, and specific heat
• Electrical properties: conductivity, resistivity, and dielectric strength
• Magnetic properties: magnetization, Curie temperature, and hysteresis

Material Testing

• Tension test: measures strength, ductility, and toughness
• Compression test: measures compressive strength and deformation
• Coefficient of thermal expansion: measures material's response to temperature changes
• Beam deflection: measures material's response to bending forces
• Shear and torsion tests: measure material's response to shear and torsional forces

Fracture, Toughness, and Fatigue

• Impact testing: measures material's resistance to impact loading
• Destructive testing: measures material's failure under various loads
• Fatigue testing: measures material's response to cyclic loading

Corrosion Prevention and Control

• Significance and purpose: corrosion prevention and control methods
• Electrochemical nature of aqueous corrosion: corrosion reaction mechanisms
• Corrosion rate determinates: factors affecting corrosion rates
• Galvanic and concentration cell corrosion: types of corrosion

Non-Destructive Testing

• Magnetic particle testing: detects surface and subsurface defects
• Penetrant testing: detects surface defects and porosity
• Radiographic testing: detects internal defects and porosity

Materials Classification

• Ferrous and non-ferrous materials: classification based on iron content
• Ceramics: inorganic, non-metallic materials
• Polymers: organic, polymeric materials
• Composite materials: combination of materials with unique properties
• Nano and bio materials: materials with unique properties at the nanoscale and in biological systems

Materials Science and Engineering

• Materials science: study of relationships between processing, structure, and properties
• Materials engineering: designing and engineering material structures to produce desired properties
• Research areas: nanomaterials, biomaterials, semiconductors, and materials extraction and processing

Tasks of Materials Scientists/Engineers

• Develop, process, and test materials
• Research material properties and structures
• Assess material performance and requirements
• Select materials for specific products
• Discover new ways to use existing materials
• Determine causes of failures and find solutions
• Evaluate and reduce environmental impacts
• Analyze cost effectiveness
• Manage projects and teams
• Consult with other engineers and scientists
• Write proposals, budgets, and reports

Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?

• Materials science teaches the underlying properties and behavior of materials
• Materials engineering shows how to apply knowledge to create better materials and products

Subfields of Materials Science

• Nanotechnology: study of materials with widths ranging from less than 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers
• Crystallography: study of arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids and their physical properties
• Materials characterization: information acquisition through techniques like diffraction, spectroscopy, and microscopy
• Metallurgy: study of metals and their alloys, including extraction, microstructure, and processing
• Tribology: study of wear and friction of materials
• Surface science: study of interactions at interfaces between solids and gases, liquids, and solids
• Glass science: study of non-crystalline materials, including inorganic glasses and vitreous metals
• Rheology: study of materials that flow, including non-Newtonian fluid dynamics
• Thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and chemical kinetics: study of phase stability and physical and chemical transformations
• Mechanics of materials: study of mechanical properties and structural applications
• Solid-state physics and quantum mechanics: study of electronic, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties
• Biology: integration of materials into biological systems
• Continuum mechanics and statistics: study of fluid flows and ensemble systems
• Diffraction and wave mechanics: characterization of materials