Materials of Decoration

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of flashing in commercial roofing?

To provide aesthetic enhancement to the roof

To improve the insulation of the roof

To provide structural support to the roof

To waterproof joints and other vulnerable points (correct)

Which material is NOT typically used for making flashings?

Aluminum

Lead

Copper

Fiberglass (correct)

What is the main purpose of sealants in commercial roofing?

To enhance the visual appearance

To improve the structural integrity

To provide thermal insulation

To seal joints and gaps between materials (correct)

Which of the following is a common material used for sealants?

Silicone Signup and view all the answers

What type of insulation is commonly used in commercial roofing?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a cover board in a commercial roofing system?

To protect insulation from the elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the final layer of a commercial roofing system called?

Roofing membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a pattern repeat?

The interval between the repetitions of the same pattern Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ceramic tile is typically highly moisture and stain resistant due to a thin coat of liquefied glass?

Glazed Interior Tiles Signup and view all the answers

Which material is NOT typically used for roofing membranes?

Concrete Signup and view all the answers

What does 'railroading' refer to?

Using fabric horizontally to avoid seams in long lengths of fabric Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Quarry Tiles?

Extruded and made from natural clay or shale Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'return' in window treatment?

Distance from the front of a window treatment to the wall Signup and view all the answers

What makes Ceramic Mosaic Tiles distinct?

Face area of less than 150 sq. mm Signup and view all the answers

What is a pleating tape used for?

Providing stiffness and concealing drapery hooks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'trouser break'?

To add 1-2 inches of extra fabric beyond what is needed to reach the floor Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ceramic tile is described as weatherproof and suitable for heavy floor service?

Paver Tiles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flooring combines the comfort of textile coverings with the imperviousness of hard floorings?

Resilient Flooring Signup and view all the answers

Which type of floor is both waterproof and impervious to most household liquids?

Nonporous Floors Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'stagecoach valance'?

A panel of fabric mounted on a board and attached to a window frame Signup and view all the answers

Which tile type consists of an outer layer made of the cork oak tree?

Cork Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of flooring is resistant but not impervious to oil and grease?

Semi-porous Floors Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'right side' of fabric refer to?

The printed side of the fabric with the most finished look Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ceramic tile is generally dense and impervious, with superior chip resistance?

Porcelain Tiles Signup and view all the answers

Which tile type can be categorized based on having a solid color throughout?

Homogenous Tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'puddle' in the context of draperies?

Long draperies lying on the floor Signup and view all the answers

What is an added organic material in Adobe bricks typically used for?

Providing fibrous strength Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bricklaying pattern is the oldest and involves alternate layers of headers and stretchers?

English Bond Signup and view all the answers

What are Bright Glazes known for?

Reflecting an image clearly Signup and view all the answers

Which material, used in masonry construction, is usually buff and comes in a variety of browns?

Brick Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used in the making of ceramic tile?

Natural clay Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ceramic tile has the lowest absorption level?

Impervious Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'vitrification' refer to in ceramic tiles?

The fusion of the tile body after firing Signup and view all the answers

What are the three principal constituents of compound clay bodies?

Plastic, Filler, Flux Signup and view all the answers

Which production method involves passing the tile through the kiln twice?

Bicottura Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Monocottura' mean in the context of ceramic tile production?

Single fired Signup and view all the answers

Why should nonvitreous tiles not be used in continually wet locations?

They are highly absorptive Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of porcelain ceramic tiles?

Fine grained and smooth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stone is known for being extremely hard and an excellent choice for high-traffic areas?

Granite Signup and view all the answers

Which stone is more prone to scratching and staining but easier to work with?

Marble Signup and view all the answers

Which flooring material is composed of a blend of acrylic resins and minerals?

Solid surface Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true about linoleum?

It absorbs moisture. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stone is often used for outdoor applications like patios and walkways?

Sandstone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials can be thermoformed to create custom shapes?

Solid surface Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stone is formed from the sand of old sand dunes?

Sandstone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is renowned for being a renewable resource?

Linoleum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials offers excellent acoustic and thermal insulation?

Cork Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of using cork tiles?

They chip and crumble at the edges Signup and view all the answers

Which of these fabrics must be back coated to be used as wall coverings?

All textiles, including carpet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fabric wallcovering stiffens the textile for easier installation?

Paper-backed fabrics Signup and view all the answers

What makes Vinyl Cork Tiles tougher and non-porous?

A laminated top layer of vinyl Signup and view all the answers

Which material is described as having a major use in contemporary architecture for windows and transparent or translucent walls?

Glass Signup and view all the answers

What is Granolithic primarily made of?

Cement, granite chippings, and granite dust Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves laminating paper to the reverse side of the textile for wall coverings?

Paper-backing Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of granolithic that makes it useful for industrial settings?

Hard-wearing Signup and view all the answers

What makes fabric wall coverings give the feeling of being extraordinarily luxurious?

Their cost Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock is formed by the crystallization of molten magma?

Igneous Signup and view all the answers

What type of stone consists of quarried and squared stones, cut into specific sizes?

Dimension stone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of natural stone is known for being hard, durable, and low-maintenance?

Granite Signup and view all the answers

Which class of rock has undergone changes due to heat and pressure?

Metamorphic Signup and view all the answers

What type of stone includes stones recovered from both topsoil and subsoil?

Fieldstone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stones can be loosely designated as marble?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which class of rock is the softest?

Sedimentary Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of granite compared to other cladding stones?

Uniform color and texture Signup and view all the answers

What material is typically used for kitchen countertops in engineered stone applications?

Engineered Quartz Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about quartz stone surfaces?

They resist stains and do not need sealing. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with rubber flooring?

Difficult to lay due to reaction with grease and spirits Signup and view all the answers

Which material is created by mimicking natural stone formation processes without using resins?

Sintered Stone Signup and view all the answers

Engineered marble is commonly used for which of the following applications?

Wall and floor finishes Signup and view all the answers

What does terrazzo flooring primarily consist of?

Small stone pieces embedded in concrete Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of quartz stone surface is made up of quartz?

93% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using engineered stone over natural stone?

Uniform structure and flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which flooring material is described as having a durability comparable to concrete and low maintenance?

Terrazzo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about rubber flooring in high-traffic public areas?

It is highly resistant to cigarette burns and chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of marble is known for its high quality and use in sculpture and building décor?

Carrara Marble Signup and view all the answers

Which stone is precipitated from water of mineral springs and has pitted holes and troughs in its surface?

Travertine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily composed of sand-size mineral rock grains and varies in color through gray, yellow, red, and white?

Sandstone Signup and view all the answers

Which marble is whiter and has bolder veining compared to others?

Calacatta Marble Signup and view all the answers

Which rock is formed by the accumulation of organic remains such as shells and corals?

Limestone Signup and view all the answers

Which metamorphic rock is derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock and is commonly used for contemporary interior flooring?

Slate Signup and view all the answers

Which rock is a cryptocrystalline form of Quartz and has colors created through impurities seeping into the rock?

Onyx Signup and view all the answers

Which sedimentary rock is commonly used as exterior cladding for buildings and is susceptible to staining?

Limestone Signup and view all the answers

Which rock is known for being dense, non-porous, and varying in color from dark blue to grey-green?

Slate Signup and view all the answers

Among domestic and imported marble, approximately how many kinds are there in terms of color, pattern, and texture?

Over 250 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pattern Repeat

The interval between the repetitions of the same pattern.

Pleating Tape

Pre-made and evenly spaced fabric tape sewn onto a drapery heading for stiffness to receive and conceal drapery hooks.

Polonaise

A bed set lengthwise against the wall and surmounted by a small dome.

Projection

A hardware term, the rod Projects into the room, measuring the distance from the wall to the front of the rod.

Puddle

A term used to describe long draperies that are lying on the floor in a puddle fashion.

Railroading

Refers to using fabric horizontally rather than vertically, suitable for fabrics without a nap or a directional design.

Return

Distance from the front of a window treatment to the wall.

Right Side

The printed side of the fabric that is used as the finished side of an item.

Stackback

The area required and used by pleated curtains when they are open on either side of the window.

Stagecoach Valance

A panel of fabric mounted on a board, and attached to the inside frame of a narrow window.

Tester

Canopy framework over a four-poster bed.

Trouser Break

A more contemporary option to puddling, where 1-2" of extra fabric is used beyond what's needed to reach the floor.

Turkish Bed

A narrow bed set into a draped recess.

Velcro

Hook and loop tape used for attaching fabric to a mounting board.

Wadded Edge

A rolled fabric border, stuffed to create a sausage shape.

Wadding

A soft, bulky material for stuffing shapes.

Wrong Side

The back of the fabric, the less finished side that may have stray threads or a rougher look.

Flashing

A thin material used to waterproof joints and other vulnerable points in a roof or wall.

Sealants

Used to seal joints and gaps between materials to prevent the passage of air, water, or other substances.

Insulation

A material used to reduce the transfer of heat or sound, installed between the roof deck and the roofing membrane.

Cover Board

A material used to protect the insulation from the elements.

Roofing Membrane

The final layer of the roofing system, protecting the roof from the elements.

Hard Flooring

Resembles elements found in nature, such as wood, stone, or clay.

Resilient Flooring

Combines the comfort of textile floor coverings with the imperviousness of hard floorings.

Classification of Floors

Nonporous Floors: waterproof and impervious to most household liquids.
Semi-porous Floors: waterproof and resistant to oil and grease.
Porous Floors: not waterproof or greaseproof and likely to stain.

Materials for Floors and Walls

Adobe: a natural building material made from sand, clay, and water, with some kind of fibrous or organic material.
Brick: a block of ceramic material, used in masonry construction.

Ceramic Tile

Made from clay or a mixture of clay and ceramic materials, pressed into tiles and fired at a high temperature.
Can be glazed or unglazed.
Porcelain tile is fine-grained and smooth.

Categories of Ceramic Tile

Wall tiles
Ceramic mosaic tiles
Quarry tiles
Paver tiles
Special purpose tiles

Ceramic Tile Finishes

Unglazed tiles: composed of the same ingredients throughout and derive their color and texture from the materials of which the body is made.
Glazed tiles: have a glassy surface of ceramic materials fused upon their face to give them a decorative appearance and to make the surface impervious to moisture.

Concrete Tiles

Made of cement and aggregate.
Suitable for patios, terraces, and showers.

Stamped Concrete

Patterned, textured, or embossed concrete.
Made to look like natural materials, patterns, and textures.

Cork

A natural resilient flooring.
Offers excellent acoustic and thermal insulation.

Laminates

Constructed by uniting two or more layers of material together.
Used to add properties to a surface.

Stone

One of the oldest materials used for floors.
Types of stone: granite, marble, and sandstone.

Solid Surface

A man-made material used for countertops, sinks, and wall panels.
Composed of a blend of acrylic resins and minerals.

Linoleum

A natural material made from linseed oil, wood flour, and cork powder.
Durable, easy to clean, and has a long lifespan.

Classes of Rocks

Sedimentary rocks: formed by the deposition of sediments.
Metamorphic rocks: have undergone a change in structure, texture, or composition.
Igneous rocks: formed by the crystallization of molten magma.

Classification of Stone

Fieldstone: loose, unfinished stones found on the surface or in the soil.
Rubble Stone: consists of quarried stone of various shapes and sizes, but having irregular mortar joints.
Dimension Stone: quarried and squared stones, cut into specific sizes, squared to dimensions, and of specific thicknesses.

Natural Stone

Igneous: granite, a hard, durable, low-maintenance stone.
Metamorphic: marble, a softer and more brittle stone, prized for its distinctive variegated appearance.### Marble
Has bolder and more dramatic veining compared to Carrara, and is rarer.

Sedimentary: Organic Remains

Limestone: a sedimentary rock formed by the accumulation of organic remains such as shells and corals.
Limited to a neutral palette of buff and gray.
Susceptible to staining and should not be exposed to excessive soil.

Metamorphic

Slate: a fine-grained metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock.
Historical use for roofing, now commonly used for interior floor or wall finishes.
Dense, non-porous, and varies in color from dark blue to heather colors and Grey-green.
Has two lines of breakability, cleavage and grain, making it easy to split into thin sheets.
Can have a cleft, sand-rubbed, or honed finish.

Sedimentary: Precipitate of carbonate minerals

Travertine: a natural precipitate of carbonate minerals, typically aragonite.
Deposited from mineral springs, hot springs, or streams saturated with calcium carbonate.
Characterized by pitted holes and troughs in its surface.
Color range from white to brown to yellow due to impurities.

Sedimentary

Sandstone: a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral rock grains.
Varies in color through gray, yellow, red, and white.
Some sandstones are resistant to weathering, yet easy to work with, making it a common building and paving material.
Excellent material for making grindstones, used for sharpening blades and other implements.
Onyx: a cryptocrystalline form of Quartz, with a unique rock texture made up of crystals.
Colors range from white to almost every color.
Color created through impurities which seep into the rock as it forms.

Engineered Stone

A composite material made of crushed stone bound together by a polymer resin.
Related materials: geopolymers, cast stone, engineered quartz, or engineered marble stone.
Actual application depends on the use of the original stone.
Engineered Marble: used in wall and floor finishes.
Engineered Quartz: mainly used as a kitchen countertop.
Unlike terrazzo, factory-made in slabs, cut and polished by fabricators, and assembled at the worksite.
Typically stronger in flexibility and hardness, and less porous, than natural stone, but not in all cases.

Quartz Stone Surface

A composite made-up of 93% quartz, 7% polyester resin, and pigment.
Non-porous, polished surfaces don't need to be sealed.
Practically indestructible and maintenance-free.
Resists stains caused by fruit juices, wine, food coloring, and more.
Hygienic, doesn't harbor bacteria, making it a safe choice for food handling in the kitchen.

Sintered Stone

A new material created by mimicking the process of creating natural stones.
Minerals and stone particles are selected for quality, color, and texture, then subjected to extreme heat and pressure.
Bonded together permanently, without using resins or bonding agents.
Can be used for any number of uses that natural stone is used for.

Terrazzo

A flooring material.
Derived from the Italian terrassa, meaning "terrace."
Originally used by 15th-century Venetian stone cutters for patio terraces.
Embedded small stone pieces in concrete and polished to a level finish.
A low-maintenance, seamless floor finish with a luxurious look of stone mosaic and durability comparable to concrete.

Rubber Flooring

Composed of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or both, in combination with mineral fillers and pigments.
Highly resistant to a wide variety of harsh chemicals and solvents.
Durable and natural resistance to cigarette burns, making it a good choice for high-traffic public areas.
Natural rubber is difficult to lay, reacts badly to grease, fruit juices, and spirits.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of various materials and terms used in decoration, including pattern repeat, pleating tape, and more. Learn about the different concepts and hardware used in decoration.