Podcast
Questions and Answers
The structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal ______.
The structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal ______.
components
A ______ is a material trait that distinguishes it from others.
A ______ is a material trait that distinguishes it from others.
property
There are six categories of ______ including mechanical, electrical, and thermal.
There are six categories of ______ including mechanical, electrical, and thermal.
properties
Preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure is known as ______.
Preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure is known as ______.
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A material's ______ will depend on how it is processed.
A material's ______ will depend on how it is processed.
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Three basic classifications of solid materials are _______, ceramics, and organic polymers.
Three basic classifications of solid materials are _______, ceramics, and organic polymers.
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In metals, atoms are arranged in a very ______ manner.
In metals, atoms are arranged in a very ______ manner.
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Some of the metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) have desirable ______ properties.
Some of the metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) have desirable ______ properties.
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Ceramics are compounds between ______ and nonmetallic elements.
Ceramics are compounds between ______ and nonmetallic elements.
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Ceramics are typically ______ to the passage of heat and electricity.
Ceramics are typically ______ to the passage of heat and electricity.
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Ceramics are more ______ to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers.
Ceramics are more ______ to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers.
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Some of the oxide ceramics, such as ______, exhibit magnetic behavior
Some of the oxide ceramics, such as ______, exhibit magnetic behavior
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Polymers have very large molecular structures, often ______-like in nature
Polymers have very large molecular structures, often ______-like in nature
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Polymers are relatively ______ chemically and nonreactive in a large number of environments
Polymers are relatively ______ chemically and nonreactive in a large number of environments
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One of the common composites is ______, in which small glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material
One of the common composites is ______, in which small glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material
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Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different ______ or chemical properties
Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different ______ or chemical properties
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CFRPs are used in some ______ and aerospace applications, as well as high-tech sporting equipment
CFRPs are used in some ______ and aerospace applications, as well as high-tech sporting equipment
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Study Notes
Structure and Properties of Materials
- Structure refers to the arrangement of a material's internal components.
- Properties are material traits that respond to a specific stimulus, categorized into six types: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative.
Processing and Performance
- Processing involves preparing a material through a prescribed procedure, such as ore processing.
- Performance is the accomplishment of a material relative to stated goals or objectives.
- A material's structure is influenced by its processing, and its performance is a function of its properties.
Classification of Materials
- Three basic classifications of solid materials: metals, ceramics, and organic polymers (or polymers).
- Composites are combinations of two or more of these basic material classes.
Metals
- Composed of one or more metallic elements and often nonmetallic elements in small amounts.
- Atoms are arranged in an orderly manner, making them relatively dense.
- Distinguishing characteristics: stiff, strong, ductile, and resistant to fracture.
- Have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons.
- Some metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) have desirable magnetic properties.
Ceramics
- Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements, often oxides, nitrides, and carbides.
- Traditional ceramics: clay minerals, cement, and glass.
- Common (nontraditional) ceramics: alumina, silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride.
- Relatively stiff and strong, but very brittle.
- Typically insulative to heat and electricity, and resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments.
- Some oxide ceramics (e.g., Fe3O4) exhibit magnetic behavior.
Polymers
- Large molecules composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent chemical bonds.
- Often organic compounds based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements.
- Have very large molecular structures, often chain-like in nature.
- Common polymers: polyethylene, nylon, poly vinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and silicon rubber.
- Properties: low densities, mechanical characteristics are generally dissimilar to metals and ceramics, extremely ductile and pliable, relatively inert chemically, and low electrical conductivities.
Composites
- Engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties.
- Designed to achieve a combination of properties not displayed by any single material.
- Examples: fiberglass, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP).
- Properties: combination of strength, stiffness, brittleness, ductility, and flexibility.
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Description
Test your understanding of material structure, properties, and their relationship. Learn about the different levels of defining structure, six categories of properties, and more!
