Material Science Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the difficulty of bending a paper clip as it is bent multiple times?

  • It breaks immediately
  • It becomes easier to bend back
  • It remains the same difficulty
  • It becomes harder to bend back (correct)

    • Which of the following factors increases tabletability according to the relationship between particle size and surface area?

  • Larger particle size
  • Smaller particle size (correct)
  • Higher porosity
  • Less surface area

    • What is the primary factor influencing the bonding strength per unit bonding area, H?

  • Mild chemical interactions
  • Van der Waals' force and mechanical interlocking (correct)
  • Granule size
  • Primary particle size

    • How does the size of granules compare to primary particle size in influencing tabletability?

    <p>More critical than primary particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a paper clip is bent beyond its limit?

    <p>It will break due to mechanical failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of multiple roller compactions on the size range of MCC granulates?

    <p>It widens their size range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the work-hardening theory in tablet manufacturing at specific size ranges?

    <p>It emphasizes the impact of specific size ranges on tablet properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect inter-granular bonding strength in tablet formulation according to the content?

    <p>The presence of MgSt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of a slip system that is assessed qualitatively?

    <p>Flat parallel layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of a slip system in a crystal lattice affect plastic deformation?

    <p>It enhances the plastic deformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the bond type in acetaminophen?

    <p>Covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tabletability of Acetaminophen (Form I)?

    <p>2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is characterized as 'hard' on the Mohs hardness scale?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of crystal structure, which type of layer arrangement is considered a characteristic of Type I sulfamerazine?

    <p>Interlocked layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to quantitatively assess a slip system?

    <p>Calculation based on the energy framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between compaction pressure and tensile strength in tablets of acetaminophen?

    <p>Increased compaction pressure generally increases tensile strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an extensive H-bonding network play in the crystal structure of BAI?

    <p>It prohibits possible slips under external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is enhanced in the BAI-NCT cocrystal when compressed?

    <p>Deformation and plasticity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding is primarily responsible for the stability of the molecular columns in BAI-NCT cocrystal?

    <p>Weak hydrogen bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure formed by hexamers in BAI-CAF cocrystal?

    <p>Columns reinforced by hydrogen bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cocrystallization affect Nitrofurantoin?

    <p>It stabilizes the compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of particle engineering mentioned in the content?

    <p>Improving surface characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is mentioned for improving the taste of berberine?

    <p>Using crystal engineering to create sweet salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of particle engineering?

    <p>To stabilize the crystal structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of crystal engineering in pharmaceutical applications?

    <p>To understand and manipulate intermolecular interactions for desired properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanical property is NOT typically impacted by roller compaction during tablet formation?

    <p>Dissolution rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to the poor mechanical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)?

    <p>Deficient physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does changing particle or granule size affect mechanical properties of tablets?

    <p>The effect depends on the type of API and excipients used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the link between the structure-property relationship and material sciences in pharmaceutical formulations?

    <p>It describes how physical structures influence performance outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a challenge related to APIs in tablet formulation?

    <p>Excessive stability under different conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of particle engineering, what is meant by 'performance'?

    <p>The ability of a tablet to achieve therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a major component of the Material Science Tetrahedron?

    <p>Process engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a pharmaceutical cocrystal?

    <p>It consists of an API and a coformer in a stoichiometric ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property does not improve when crafting cocrystals with Baicalein?

    <p>Tablet tensile strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of the zigzag packing of Baicalein crystals?

    <p>Obstruction of slip leading to reduced plasticity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason the physical mixture of BAI with NCT or CAF does not improve tabletability?

    <p>They do not react chemically with Baicalein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Mohs Hardness Scale classify diamond compared to graphite?

    <p>Diamond is harder than graphite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major distinction between cocrystals and salts?

    <p>Cocrystals do not involve proton transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do cocrystals have on the physicochemical properties of the compound?

    <p>They can alter the physicochemical properties in significant ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of tabletability, what characteristic does Baicalein exhibit under compression?

    <p>Poor tabletability, remaining less than 1 MPa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mechanical Properties of Materials

    • Bending a paper clip makes it harder to return to its original shape, ultimately leading to mechanical failure if bent repeatedly.
    • Particle size influences tabletability; smaller particles yield larger surface areas for potential bonding.

    Bonding Strength in Tablets

    • Lower porosity leads to an increased total bonding area.
    • Average bonding strength per unit area (H) includes van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and mechanical interlocking.

    Granule Size and Tabletability

    • Granule size significantly affects tabletability, more so than primary particle size.
    • Multiple roller compaction cycles (RC) influence mechanical properties, with specific size ranges being optimal for tablet formation.

    Crystal Engineering

    • Involves understanding intermolecular interactions for the design of solids with desired physical and chemical properties.
    • Non-covalent bonding differs from organic synthesis, where covalent bonding is predominant.

    Structure-Property Relationship

    • Comparisons of materials like graphite and diamond illustrate differences in hardness based on their crystal structure.
    • The slip system within crystal lattices allows for enhanced plastic deformation, improving bioavailability.

    Acetaminophen and Tablet Properties

    • Acetaminophen Form I demonstrates a specific tabletability measured in tensile strength (2.0 MPa).
    • The arrangement of layers in the crystal structure impacts overall mechanical strength and tablet capability.

    Cocrystals in Pharmaceutical Applications

    • Cocrystals are novel crystalline materials formed through combining an API with a coformer, altering physicochemical properties.
    • The distinction between cocrystals and salts lies in the presence or absence of proton transfer.

    Examples of Cocrystals

    • Baicalein (BAI) shows low tensile strength, indicating poor tabletability across various compaction pressures.
    • The stacking and bonding characteristics of BAI-NCT and BAI-CAF cocrystals improve tabletability by enhancing plasticity during compression.

    Impact of Crystal Structure on Stability

    • The zigzag packing of BAI crystals hinders slip and decreases plasticity, while modified structures in cocrystals promote better deformation under stress.
    • Cocrystallization has been shown to stabilize compounds like Nitrofurantoin.

    Sweet Salts and Taste Enhancement

    • Crystal engineering can create sweet salts, improving the taste profile of pharmacologically active compounds like berberine.

    Particle Engineering Techniques

    • Practices such as coating and adjusting particle size are vital for optimizing particle morphology and surface characteristics.
    • These methods enhance manufacturability, processability, and the biopharmaceutical properties of solid dosage forms.

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    L5 Particle and Crystal Engineering PDF

    Description

    Explore the principles of material behavior in this quiz. Understand how bending and particle size affect the properties of materials. Test your knowledge on mechanical failure and surface area concepts.

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