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Questions and Answers
Which of the following properties describes a material's ability to absorb energy before fracturing?
Which of the following properties describes a material's ability to absorb energy before fracturing?
- Brittleness
- Hardness
- Strength
- Toughness (correct)
What is the term for the temperature at which a solid material becomes liquid?
What is the term for the temperature at which a solid material becomes liquid?
Melting Point
Brittleness is characterized by a material's ability to deform significantly before breaking.
Brittleness is characterized by a material's ability to deform significantly before breaking.
False (B)
The ability of a material to maintain its properties at high temperatures is referred to as __________.
The ability of a material to maintain its properties at high temperatures is referred to as __________.
Which of the following properties is a measure of how easily a material can store electrical energy in an electric field?
Which of the following properties is a measure of how easily a material can store electrical energy in an electric field?
Corrosion resistance is the ability of a material to withstand chemical reactions without degrading.
Corrosion resistance is the ability of a material to withstand chemical reactions without degrading.
Match the following properties with their definitions:
Match the following properties with their definitions:
Name the type of strength that deals with the ability to withstand forces that try to pull a material apart.
Name the type of strength that deals with the ability to withstand forces that try to pull a material apart.
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Study Notes
Mechanical Properties
- Strength: Ability to withstand applied forces without breaking; includes tensile, compressive, and shear strength.
- Elasticity: Allows materials to return to original shape after stretching or compressing.
- Plasticity: Enables permanent deformation without breaking when a force is applied.
- Hardness: Resistance to deformation, particularly from indentation, scratching, or abrasion.
- Toughness: Ability to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing.
- Brittleness: Tendency to fracture suddenly under stress with minimal or no plastic deformation.
Thermal Properties
- Thermal Conductivity: Effectiveness in conducting heat.
- Thermal Expansion: Degree of material expansion when heated or contraction when cooled.
- Heat Capacity: Amount of heat energy needed to raise a material's temperature.
- Melting Point: Temperature at which a solid transitions to liquid.
- Thermal Stability: Capacity to maintain properties at high temperatures without degradation.
Electrical Properties
- Electrical Conductivity: Ability to conduct electric current.
- Electrical Resistivity: Resistance to electric current flow.
- Dielectric Strength: Maximum electric field material can withstand before failing.
- Permittivity: Measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
Magnetic Properties
- Magnetic Permeability: Ability to support magnetic field formation within a material.
- Magnetic Susceptibility: Extent to which a material can be magnetized in an external magnetic field.
- Remanence: Residual magnetization remaining when external magnetic field is removed.
- Coercivity: Resistance to demagnetization.
Chemical Properties
- Corrosion Resistance: Ability to resist chemical reactions, like rusting in metals.
- Oxidation Resistance: Resilience to oxidation at elevated temperatures.
- Acid/Base Resistance: Capability to endure acidic or basic substances without degradation.
- Chemical Stability: Maintains composition and resists chemical reactions under various conditions.
Optical Properties
- Transparency: Capacity to allow light passage.
- Opacity: Ability to block light passage.
- Refractive Index: Measure of light bending as it enters a material.
- Reflectivity: Ability to reflect light.
- Biodegradability: Potential for natural decomposition by microorganisms.
Environmental Properties
- Recyclability: Potential for reprocessing and reuse of materials.
- Toxicity: Degree of harm a material can cause to living organisms and the environment.
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