4AE3 U6 C1 Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the first part of this chapter?

  • Ferrous metals
  • Non-ferrous metals
  • Mechanical properties of metals (correct)
  • Chemical properties of materials

    • What is the minimum percentage of iron required for an alloy to be classified as ferrous?

  • 30%
  • 75%
  • 50% (correct)
  • 20%

    • Which of the following is NOT a mechanical property of metals?

  • Strength
  • Corrosion resistance
  • Ductility
  • Conductivity (correct)

    • What is the term for a material specimen used to measure and quantify a mechanical property?

    <p>Coupon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a thermodynamic property of materials?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate criterion for choosing metals in power engineering?

    <p>Serviceability and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of material provides little warning that it is about to fail?

    <p>Brittle material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of a material that enables it to be drawn out to a considerable extent before breaking?

    <p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT ductile?

    <p>Cast iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of a material that allows it to return to its original shape after a deforming force has been removed?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a material that is very soft and easily deformed?

    <p>Plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a material with high plasticity?

    <p>Wax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of a material that allows it to be hammered or rolled into other sizes and shapes?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of strength that is described as the maximum load a material can withstand before breaking?

    <p>Ultimate Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a material's ability to resist deformation under load?

    <p>Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Izod and Charpy tests?

    <p>To determine the toughness of a material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a coupon in material testing?

    <p>To represent a sample of the metal and apply forces to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a metal that is hard only on the surface?

    <p>Case hardening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of measuring hardness in the Brinell Hardness Test?

    <p>Measuring the diameter of the circular indentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard load used for steel in the Brinell Hardness Test?

    <p>3000 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 10 kg load in the Rockwell Hardness Test?

    <p>To flatten surface irregularities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the method that measures the hardness of a material by dropping a hard steel object from a measured height?

    <p>Shore Hardness method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is brittleness?

    <p>The tendency of a material to break rather than remain deformed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a material to resist wear, abrasion, cutting, and indentation?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the masses in the Brinell Hardness Test?

    <p>To act as a pressure relief system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a material to change shape under load without breaking?

    <p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of nickel in alloy steel?

    <p>Prevents brittleness at low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of chromium required for a steel to be classified as stainless steel?

    <p>12.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of vanadium on alloy steel?

    <p>Produces a fine grain structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of molybdenum in alloy steel?

    <p>Improves creep strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of chrome molybdenum steel in high-temperature steam piping?

    <p>High creep strength and resistance to oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tungsten on alloy steel?

    <p>Produces a fine grain structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first material produced by the iron ore refining process?

    <p>Pig iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of limestone in the blast furnace process?

    <p>To combine with impurities and form a slag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of pig iron that makes it hard, brittle, and almost impossible to machine?

    <p>High carbon content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between white cast iron and grey cast iron?

    <p>The way carbon is combined with the iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that produces wrought iron?

    <p>Puddling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of grey cast iron?

    <p>Low compressive strength and easy machinability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is pig iron not directly useful?

    <p>It is hard, brittle, and almost impossible to machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between cast iron and steel?

    <p>The amount of carbon they contain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of annealing in the production of malleable cast iron?

    <p>To increase the toughness and ductility of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the former use of wrought iron that has been replaced by steel?

    <p>Boiler tubes and piping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of limestone in the basic oxygen furnace?

    <p>To neutralize the acidic oxides and prevent wear of the furnace lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the excess carbon in the pig iron being burned in the BOF?

    <p>Production of carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the oxygen lance in the BOF?

    <p>To oxidize the carbon and other unwanted elements in the hot metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of low carbon steels?

    <p>They are easily formed and welded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the carbon content in high and very high carbon steels?

    <p>It increases the hardness and strength of the steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of annealing high carbon steel?

    <p>To soften the steel to allow machining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of alloy steels over carbon steels?

    <p>They can respond to heat treatment and have improved corrosion resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the chemical processes in the BOF?

    <p>Production of a slag that floats on the surface of the metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the slag produced in the BOF?

    <p>It is used in the production of cement and as an aggregate in road building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between high carbon steel and very high carbon steel?

    <p>The carbon content ranges from 0.45% to 0.75% and from 0.75% to 1.5%, respectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is NOT classified as a thermodynamic property?

    <p>Conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration in selecting metals for power engineering applications?

    <p>Serviceability and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metals is classified as non-ferrous?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying force to a material specimen in material testing?

    <p>To measure its mechanical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ferrous metals?

    <p>They contain at least 50% iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the material specimen used in material testing?

    <p>Coupon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydraulic pump in the Brinell Hardness Test?

    <p>To apply the load to the test specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 10 kg load in the Rockwell Hardness Test?

    <p>It is used to flatten surface irregularities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a material that is brittle?

    <p>It breaks rather than remains deformed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the masses in the Brinell Hardness Test?

    <p>To act as a pressure relief system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the Brinell Hardness Test and the Rockwell Hardness Test?

    <p>The method of measuring the hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the hardness of a material in engineering design?

    <p>It determines the material's weldability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a diamond indenter in the hardness test?

    <p>To test the hardness of very hard materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the load and the hardness number in the Brinell Hardness Test?

    <p>The hardness number is directly proportional to the load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Shore Hardness method in material testing?

    <p>It is used to test the hardness of plastics and non-ferrous metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the Rockwell B and Rockwell C readings?

    <p>The size of the indenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A material that is capable of being drawn out to a considerable extent before breaking exhibits which property?

    <p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a material that is defined as brittle?

    <p>It provides little warning that it is about to fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A material that is able to resist deformation under load exhibits which property?

    <p>Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the Izod and Charpy tests?

    <p>The way the specimen is supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A material that is able to be hammered or rolled into other sizes and shapes exhibits which property?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to change shape under load without breaking?

    <p>Plasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A material that is able to return to its original shape after a deforming force has been removed exhibits which property?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a material's ability to resist wear, abrasion, cutting, and indentation?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is an example of a ductile material?

    <p>Mild steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a material that is defined as plastic?

    <p>It is very soft and easily deformed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alloying elements in steel improves its corrosion resistance at high temperatures?

    <p>Nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties of steel is improved by the addition of chromium?

    <p>Corrosion resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for heating alloy steels before, during, and after welding?

    <p>To avoid residual stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alloying elements in steel produces a fine grain structure during heat treatment?

    <p>Vanadium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using chrome molybdenum steel in high-temperature steam piping?

    <p>High creep strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the limestone in the blast furnace during the production of pig iron?

    <p>To remove impurities from the iron ore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the carbon precipitating out of solution as flakes or nodules during the cooling of cast iron?

    <p>The formation of grey cast iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alloying elements in steel improves its machinability?

    <p>Lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of heating and cooling white cast iron to increase its toughness and ductility?

    <p>Annealing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between pig iron and cast iron?

    <p>Pig iron has a higher carbon content than cast iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the puddling process in the production of wrought iron?

    <p>To produce a plastic mass that can be formed into a ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of grey cast iron that makes it suitable for machinery bases and internal combustion engine components?

    <p>Its high compressive strength and softness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between plain carbon steels and alloy steels?

    <p>The presence of additional elements in alloy steels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the molten pig iron being tapped into ladles or cast into molds?

    <p>The production of pig iron that is ready for use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of white cast iron that makes it suitable for machinery parts that are subjected to excessive wear?

    <p>Its high hardness and brittleness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cupola furnace in the production of cast iron?

    <p>To melt pig iron and scrap iron together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the furnace lining in the BOF is made of high pH refractory?

    <p>To prevent excessive wear of the furnace lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the carbon content in high and very high carbon steels?

    <p>The steel becomes more brittle and less weldable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fluxing agent in the BOF?

    <p>To remove impurities from the steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of alloy steels that allows them to respond to heat treatment?

    <p>Their ability to form compounds with carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the chemical processes in the BOF?

    <p>A slag that floats on the surface of the metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of producing special high alloy steels in electric furnaces?

    <p>The ability to produce steel with a more uniform composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phosphorus and sulfur impurities on the properties of steel?

    <p>They decrease the ductility, malleability, and weldability of the steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the oxygen lance in the BOF?

    <p>To oxidize the carbon and other unwanted elements in the hot metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between high carbon steels and very high carbon steels?

    <p>Their carbon content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the slag produced in the BOF?

    <p>To be used in the production of cement and as an aggregate in road building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using aluminum in aircraft parts?

    <p>Low density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adding phosphorus to bronze?

    <p>To produce bearing bronzes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of white metal (babbitt) that makes it suitable for bearing materials?

    <p>Malleability and ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between tin-based and lead-based babbitts?

    <p>Speed and load capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of lead-based babbitt over tin-based babbitt?

    <p>Lower cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why aluminum is alloyed with other materials?

    <p>To improve its properties in general</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason copper is used in power plants?

    <p>Due to its high electrical conductivity and high corrosion resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mixing molten copper with other metals?

    <p>A stronger and more corrosion-resistant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of brass, besides copper?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using copper alloys in power plants?

    <p>For heat exchanger tubes, valves, and fittings due to its superior properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of copper's high ductility in power plant applications?

    <p>It allows copper to be drawn out to a considerable extent without breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using copper alloys over pure copper in power plants?

    <p>They are easier to machine and have better corrosion resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that copper alloys are used instead of pure copper in power plants?

    <p>easier to machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical composition of brass alloys?

    <p>copper and zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of copper in power plants?

    <p>electrical equipment and piping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which copper is refined from copper ore?

    <p>electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of copper that makes it suitable for use in electrical equipment?

    <p>high electrical conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mixing molten copper with other metals?

    <p>a alloy with superior properties to pure copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for adding zinc to bronze alloys?

    <p>To ensure non-porous castings and improve machining qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties of aluminum is responsible for its use in aircraft parts?

    <p>Its low density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using tin-based babbitt over lead-based babbitt?

    <p>Its better performance at higher speeds and higher loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for alloying aluminum with other materials?

    <p>To improve its tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of white metal (babbitt) that makes it suitable for bearing materials?

    <p>Its ability to absorb and retain a lubricant film on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of bronze alloys?

    <p>High resistance to corrosion and high tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

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