Material Malleability and Mechanical Properties Quiz

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What is the definition of malleability in the context of materials?

Malleability is a material's susceptibility to extreme deformation in rolling or hammering; the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets.

What property describes the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain?

Poisson's ratio

What is the definition of plasticity in the context of materials?

Plasticity is the ability of a metal to be deformed considerably without rupture.

What is the purpose of a precipitation heat treatment?

A precipitation heat treatment brings about the precipitation of a constituent from a supersaturated solid solution by holding the body at an elevated temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What property measures the extension in the vicinity of the fracture of a tensile specimen?

Percent elongation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of proof stress?

Proof stress is the stress that causes a specified permanent deformation of a material, usually 0.01% or less. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of silicon (Si) in low-alloy steel?

Silicon strengthens low-alloy steel and improves resistance to high oxidation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between nodular cast iron and gray cast iron?

Nodular cast iron, also called ductile iron, has higher strength and ductility compared to gray cast iron, while still maintaining the castability, machinability, and wearability of gray iron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tantalum (Ta) in steel alloys?

Tantalum acts as a stabilizer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using stainless steel compared to other cast ferrous metals?

Stainless steel provides an economical answer where the environment is significantly corrosive or at high or low temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

How does titanium (Ti) affect the properties of austenitic stainless steels?

Titanium is used for deoxidation and stabilizing austenitic stainless steels; it increases the hardness and strength at high temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics?

Thermoplastic plastics soften as the temperature rises and remain soft in the heated state, while thermosetting plastics undergo chemical change and harden when heated, usually under pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vanadium (V) in medium-carbon steels?

Vanadium promotes fine-grain structure and improves the ratio of endurance strength to ultimate strength of medium-carbon steels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of Monel, and what are its main characteristics?

Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of 67% nickel and 30% copper. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hardenability in the context of steel?

Hardenability is the capacity of steel to through-harden when cooled from above its transformation range. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the $\text{Creep Strength / Rupture Stress}$ criterion in design?

When plastic deformation is involved, the $\text{Creep Strength / Rupture Stress}$ criterion is used for design at a particular operating temperature and specified length of time. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between gas carburizing and liquid carburizing processes.

Gas carburizing involves heating the part in carburizing gases, while liquid carburizing involves immersing the part in a molten salt bath. Liquid carburizing typically results in a thinner case, usually not exceeding 0.025 inches. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between brass and bronze?

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, while bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cyaniding process?

Cyaniding is a process of immersing a part in a hot liquid salt bath, commonly using sodium cyanide (NaCN), to harden the surface. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the key difference between nitriding and carbonitriding.

Nitriding involves exposing the part to a nitrogenous environment, such as ammonia gas, while carbonitriding involves the simultaneous absorption of both carbon and nitrogen from a surrounding hot gaseous atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the quenching step in the flame hardening process?

The quenching step in flame hardening is used to rapidly cool the heated surface of the metal, thereby increasing its hardness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of white cast iron?

In white cast iron, most of the carbon is combined chemically with the iron, resulting in a very hard material. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between wrought iron and cast iron.

Wrought iron is made by burning the carbon from molten iron and then subjecting the product to hammering and rolling operations, while cast iron is produced by pouring molten metal into a mold and allowing it to solidify. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an iron plate in the mold during the production of chilled iron?

The iron plate in the mold is used to cause rapid cooling of the surface, resulting in a harder, chilled surface on the cast iron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of annealing in heat treatment of metals?

Annealing involves heating and slow cooling of a solid metal, usually done to soften it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between tempered and aged steel?

Tempering involves reheating hardened steel below the transformation range, while aging refers to changes in a metal due to quenching or cold working. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of the Rockwell hardness test.

The Rockwell hardness test measures the depth of penetration by an indenter to determine the hardness of a material. Signup and view all the answers

What does the SAE designation 3XXX indicate for an alloy steel?

The SAE designation 3XXX indicates a nickel-chromium alloy steel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of molybdenum (Mo) as an alloying element in steel?

Molybdenum increases hardenability markedly and economically, and tends to counteract temper brittleness. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of stress relieving in heat treatment.

Stress relieving involves heating a metal body to a suitable temperature and holding it there to reduce internal residual stresses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the critical range in heat treatment?

The critical range is the temperature interval during which austenite formation or transformation occurs during heating or cooling of steel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of graphitizing in the heat treatment of cast iron?

Graphitizing causes the combined carbon in cast iron to transform wholly or in part into graphitic or free carbon. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between the Brinell and Vickers hardness tests.

The Brinell test uses a 10-mm ball indenter, while the Vickers test uses a square-base diamond pyramid indenter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lead (Pb) as an alloying element in steel?

Lead improves machinability, but its effects can vary depending on the specific alloy composition. Signup and view all the answers