Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an isotropic radiator?
What is an isotropic radiator?
- An isotropic radiator is a point source that radiates signal with varying intensity in different directions.
- An isotropic radiator is a point source that does not radiate any signal.
- An isotropic radiator is a point source that radiates signal in a specific direction only.
- An isotropic radiator is a point source that radiates signal equally in all directions. (correct)
What do electric and magnetic fields do in relation to each other?
What do electric and magnetic fields do in relation to each other?
- Electric and Magnetic fields are parallel to each other, moving towards the source.
- Electric and Magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other, moving towards the source.
- Electric and Magnetic fields are perpendicular to one another, moving into space away from the source. (correct)
- Electric and Magnetic fields are parallel to each other, moving into space away from the source.
What do antennas convert electrical current into?
What do antennas convert electrical current into?
- Antennas convert electrical current into magnetic fields.
- Antennas convert electrical current into electric fields.
- Antennas convert electrical current into isotropic radiation.
- Antennas convert electrical current into RF waves. (correct)
What is the purpose of an RF cable in the context of antenna radios?
What is the purpose of an RF cable in the context of antenna radios?
What is the measurement of beamwidth?
What is the measurement of beamwidth?
What is the difference between dBi and dBd?
What is the difference between dBi and dBd?
What do azimuth and elevation charts represent?
What do azimuth and elevation charts represent?
What type of antenna radiates RF in a fashion similar to the way a table or floor-lamp radiates light?
What type of antenna radiates RF in a fashion similar to the way a table or floor-lamp radiates light?
What are the two key conditions that must be met when substituting an antenna in a certified wireless system according to FCC regulations?
What are the two key conditions that must be met when substituting an antenna in a certified wireless system according to FCC regulations?
What is the typical range for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) in RF communications systems?
What is the typical range for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) in RF communications systems?
What is the purpose of Lightning Arrestors in an RF communications system?
What is the purpose of Lightning Arrestors in an RF communications system?
What does the FCC require for wireless systems to be authorized as a system?
What does the FCC require for wireless systems to be authorized as a system?
What type of antennas are used for strictly point-to-point communications?
What type of antennas are used for strictly point-to-point communications?
Which type of beamforming uses directional antennas to provide a fixed radiation pattern?
Which type of beamforming uses directional antennas to provide a fixed radiation pattern?
In which environments are indoor directional antennas, such as MIMO patch antennas, commonly used?
In which environments are indoor directional antennas, such as MIMO patch antennas, commonly used?
What does antenna polarization refer to?
What does antenna polarization refer to?
What is the formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point?
What is the formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point?
What is the formula for the height of the earth bulge when considering the curvature of the earth for a link greater than 7 miles?
What is the formula for the height of the earth bulge when considering the curvature of the earth for a link greater than 7 miles?
What is the purpose of antenna diversity in a wireless device?
What is the purpose of antenna diversity in a wireless device?
What is the impedance value that must match when connecting RF equipment such as access point connectors, cabling, connectors, and antennas?
What is the impedance value that must match when connecting RF equipment such as access point connectors, cabling, connectors, and antennas?
An isotropic radiator radiates signal equally in all directions, similar to the sun.
An isotropic radiator radiates signal equally in all directions, similar to the sun.
The earth bulge is a factor to consider when determining the Fresnel zone radius for wireless links greater than 7 miles.
The earth bulge is a factor to consider when determining the Fresnel zone radius for wireless links greater than 7 miles.
Antennas convert electrical current into RF waves by modulating a baseband signal onto an electrical current.
Antennas convert electrical current into RF waves by modulating a baseband signal onto an electrical current.
The sun is an example of an isotropic radiator, as it generates equal amounts of energy in all directions.
The sun is an example of an isotropic radiator, as it generates equal amounts of energy in all directions.
An omnidirectional antenna radiates RF in a bagel-shaped pattern and is typically used for point-to-point networks
An omnidirectional antenna radiates RF in a bagel-shaped pattern and is typically used for point-to-point networks
The 0 dBd measurement for antenna gain is equivalent to 2.14 dBi
The 0 dBd measurement for antenna gain is equivalent to 2.14 dBi
The scale of an azimuth or elevation chart is logarithmic, not linear
The scale of an azimuth or elevation chart is logarithmic, not linear
The beamwidth of an antenna is the measurement from the center of the antenna signal to each of the points along the horizontal and vertical axes, where the signal decreases by half power (-3 dB)
The beamwidth of an antenna is the measurement from the center of the antenna signal to each of the points along the horizontal and vertical axes, where the signal decreases by half power (-3 dB)
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC signal.
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC signal.
VSWR military specs are 1.1:1.
VSWR military specs are 1.1:1.
Lightning arrestors fully protect against a direct lightning strike.
Lightning arrestors fully protect against a direct lightning strike.
FCC allows the use of third-party antennas with no restrictions.
FCC allows the use of third-party antennas with no restrictions.
Semidirectional antennas are not suitable for short to medium distance communications
Semidirectional antennas are not suitable for short to medium distance communications
Highly directional antennas are used for strictly point-to-point communications
Highly directional antennas are used for strictly point-to-point communications
Dynamic beamforming involves utilizing adaptive antenna arrays to provide a fixed radiation pattern
Dynamic beamforming involves utilizing adaptive antenna arrays to provide a fixed radiation pattern
Visual Line of Sight (LOS) has no impact on successful RF transmission
Visual Line of Sight (LOS) has no impact on successful RF transmission
True or false: The formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point is $72.2 \times \left[\frac{(N \times d1 \times d2)},{(F \times D)}\right]$
True or false: The formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point is $72.2 \times \left[\frac{(N \times d1 \times d2)},{(F \times D)}\right]$
True or false: Antenna diversity exists when a wireless device has two antennas and receivers functioning together, using switched diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath
True or false: Antenna diversity exists when a wireless device has two antennas and receivers functioning together, using switched diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath
True or false: MIMO antennas typically consist of 3 omnidirectional antennas for indoor use, while outdoor MIMO antennas usually have 2 antennas per radio
True or false: MIMO antennas typically consist of 3 omnidirectional antennas for indoor use, while outdoor MIMO antennas usually have 2 antennas per radio
True or false: RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the more the loss
True or false: RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the more the loss
An isotropic radiator radiates signal equally in all ______
An isotropic radiator radiates signal equally in all ______
Electric and Magnetic fields are perpendicular to one another, moving into space away from the ______
Electric and Magnetic fields are perpendicular to one another, moving into space away from the ______
Antennas convert electrical current into RF ______
Antennas convert electrical current into RF ______
The electrical current is carried by a conductive RF ______
The electrical current is carried by a conductive RF ______
An isotropic radiator radiates signal equally in all directions, similar to the ______
An isotropic radiator radiates signal equally in all directions, similar to the ______
The scale of an azimuth or elevation chart is ______, not linear
The scale of an azimuth or elevation chart is ______, not linear
What is the measurement of beamwidth?
What is the measurement of beamwidth?
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC ______
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC ______
Highly directional antennas are used for strictly point-to-point communications and include ______ antennas
Highly directional antennas are used for strictly point-to-point communications and include ______ antennas
Antenna arrays can perform beamforming, concentrating RF energy, with three types: ______, Dynamic, and Transmit
Antenna arrays can perform beamforming, concentrating RF energy, with three types: ______, Dynamic, and Transmit
Directional antennas are commonly used in very ______ environments to reduce Cochannel Interference (CCI)
Directional antennas are commonly used in very ______ environments to reduce Cochannel Interference (CCI)
Indoor directional antennas, such as MIMO patch antennas, are used in environments like ______ with long aisles of shelves
Indoor directional antennas, such as MIMO patch antennas, are used in environments like ______ with long aisles of shelves
Legacy APs use ______ antenna diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath, where the signal with the best amplitude is chosen and others are ignored.
Legacy APs use ______ antenna diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath, where the signal with the best amplitude is chosen and others are ignored.
Antenna accessories such as cables, connectors, splitters, amplifiers, attenuators, lightning arrestors, grounding rods, and wires are essential for proper ______.
Antenna accessories such as cables, connectors, splitters, amplifiers, attenuators, lightning arrestors, grounding rods, and wires are essential for proper ______.
RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the ______ the loss.
RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the ______ the loss.
The curvature of the earth must be considered if the link is greater than 7 miles, with the formula for the height of the earth bulge being $H = rac{D^2}{8}$ in feet.
The curvature of the earth must be considered if the link is greater than 7 miles, with the formula for the height of the earth bulge being $H = rac{D^2}{8}$ in feet.
______ is a ratio measurement of an impedance mismatch: 1:1 (no impedance) being optimal but unobtainable. Typical values range from 1.1:1 to as much as 1.5:1. ______ military specs are 1.1:1. 50 Ohms Negative effects of ______: Decreased signal amplitude (return loss) Erratic signal amplitude Transmitter or amplifier failure 75 Ohms
______ is a ratio measurement of an impedance mismatch: 1:1 (no impedance) being optimal but unobtainable. Typical values range from 1.1:1 to as much as 1.5:1. ______ military specs are 1.1:1. 50 Ohms Negative effects of ______: Decreased signal amplitude (return loss) Erratic signal amplitude Transmitter or amplifier failure 75 Ohms
________ is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC signal. 50 Ohms Voltage standing waves exist because of impedance mismatches or variations between devices in an RF communications system. When the transmitter generates the AC radio signal, the signal travels along the cable to the antenna. Some of the energy is reflected back toward the transmitter because of impedance mismatch. 75 Ohms
________ is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC signal. 50 Ohms Voltage standing waves exist because of impedance mismatches or variations between devices in an RF communications system. When the transmitter generates the AC radio signal, the signal travels along the cable to the antenna. Some of the energy is reflected back toward the transmitter because of impedance mismatch. 75 Ohms
VSWR is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC signal. ________ Ohms Voltage standing waves exist because of impedance mismatches or variations between devices in an RF communications system. When the transmitter generates the AC radio signal, the signal travels along the cable to the antenna. Some of the energy is reflected back toward the transmitter because of impedance mismatch. ________ Ohms
VSWR is a measurement of the change in impedances to an AC signal. ________ Ohms Voltage standing waves exist because of impedance mismatches or variations between devices in an RF communications system. When the transmitter generates the AC radio signal, the signal travels along the cable to the antenna. Some of the energy is reflected back toward the transmitter because of impedance mismatch. ________ Ohms
Bi-metal conductors or gas discharge tubes Detect incoming over-voltages induced by nearby lightning strikes Shunt the current to earth ground Cannot fully protect against a direct lightning strike Coaxial Gas Discharge Tube Surge Protectors
Bi-metal conductors or gas discharge tubes Detect incoming over-voltages induced by nearby lightning strikes Shunt the current to earth ground Cannot fully protect against a direct lightning strike Coaxial Gas Discharge Tube Surge Protectors
Match the following with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the following with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following antenna types with their correct descriptions:
Match the following antenna types with their correct descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their correct descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their correct descriptions:
Match the following statements with their correct details:
Match the following statements with their correct details:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their purposes:
Match the following terms with their purposes:
Match the following statements with their accuracy:
Match the following statements with their accuracy:
Match the type of antenna array with its description:
Match the type of antenna array with its description:
Match the type of directional antenna with its common usage environment:
Match the type of directional antenna with its common usage environment:
Match the type of outdoor semidirectional antenna with its common usage:
Match the type of outdoor semidirectional antenna with its common usage:
Match the term related to antenna characteristics with its definition:
Match the term related to antenna characteristics with its definition:
Match the antenna diversity method with its description:
Match the antenna diversity method with its description:
Match the RF cabling consideration with its description:
Match the RF cabling consideration with its description:
Match the wireless system consideration with its description:
Match the wireless system consideration with its description:
Match the antenna type with its description:
Match the antenna type with its description:
Study Notes
Certified Wireless Network Administrator: CWNA – PW0-108
- The formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point is 72.2 x [(N x d1 x d2) ÷ (F x D)].
- The first Fresnel zone is the area around the point source where the waves are in phase with the signal, while the second zone is beyond the first zone and the waves are out of phase.
- The curvature of the earth must be considered if the link is greater than 7 miles, with the formula for the height of the earth bulge being H = D2 ÷ 8 in feet.
- Antenna diversity exists when a wireless device has two antennas and receivers functioning together, using switched diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath.
- Legacy APs use switched antenna diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath, where the signal with the best amplitude is chosen and others are ignored.
- Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a more sophisticated form of antenna diversity used by 802.11n and 802.11ac radios, enhancing reliability, range, and throughput.
- MIMO antennas typically consist of 3 omnidirectional antennas for indoor use, while outdoor MIMO antennas usually have 2 antennas per radio.
- Antenna connection and installation considerations include VSWR, signal loss, mounting, orientation, alignment, safety, and maintenance.
- Antenna accessories such as cables, connectors, splitters, amplifiers, attenuators, lightning arrestors, grounding rods, and wires are essential for proper installation.
- RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the less the loss.
- Impedance, with a value of 50 ohms, must match when connecting RF equipment such as access point connectors, cabling, connectors, and antennas.
- The text also mentions various standards and ratings such as Ingress Protection Rating (IP Code), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Enclosure Rating, "Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosives" (ATEX) Directives, and National Electrical Code (NEC) hazardous locations.
Certified Wireless Network Administrator: CWNA – PW0-108
- The formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point is 72.2 x [(N x d1 x d2) ÷ (F x D)].
- The first Fresnel zone is the area around the point source where the waves are in phase with the signal, while the second zone is beyond the first zone and the waves are out of phase.
- The curvature of the earth must be considered if the link is greater than 7 miles, with the formula for the height of the earth bulge being H = D2 ÷ 8 in feet.
- Antenna diversity exists when a wireless device has two antennas and receivers functioning together, using switched diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath.
- Legacy APs use switched antenna diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath, where the signal with the best amplitude is chosen and others are ignored.
- Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a more sophisticated form of antenna diversity used by 802.11n and 802.11ac radios, enhancing reliability, range, and throughput.
- MIMO antennas typically consist of 3 omnidirectional antennas for indoor use, while outdoor MIMO antennas usually have 2 antennas per radio.
- Antenna connection and installation considerations include VSWR, signal loss, mounting, orientation, alignment, safety, and maintenance.
- Antenna accessories such as cables, connectors, splitters, amplifiers, attenuators, lightning arrestors, grounding rods, and wires are essential for proper installation.
- RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the less the loss.
- Impedance, with a value of 50 ohms, must match when connecting RF equipment such as access point connectors, cabling, connectors, and antennas.
- The text also mentions various standards and ratings such as Ingress Protection Rating (IP Code), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Enclosure Rating, "Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosives" (ATEX) Directives, and National Electrical Code (NEC) hazardous locations.
Certified Wireless Network Administrator: CWNA – PW0-108
- The formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point is 72.2 x [(N x d1 x d2) ÷ (F x D)].
- The first Fresnel zone is the area around the point source where the waves are in phase with the signal, while the second zone is beyond the first zone and the waves are out of phase.
- The curvature of the earth must be considered if the link is greater than 7 miles, with the formula for the height of the earth bulge being H = D2 ÷ 8 in feet.
- Antenna diversity exists when a wireless device has two antennas and receivers functioning together, using switched diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath.
- Legacy APs use switched antenna diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath, where the signal with the best amplitude is chosen and others are ignored.
- Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a more sophisticated form of antenna diversity used by 802.11n and 802.11ac radios, enhancing reliability, range, and throughput.
- MIMO antennas typically consist of 3 omnidirectional antennas for indoor use, while outdoor MIMO antennas usually have 2 antennas per radio.
- Antenna connection and installation considerations include VSWR, signal loss, mounting, orientation, alignment, safety, and maintenance.
- Antenna accessories such as cables, connectors, splitters, amplifiers, attenuators, lightning arrestors, grounding rods, and wires are essential for proper installation.
- RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the less the loss.
- Impedance, with a value of 50 ohms, must match when connecting RF equipment such as access point connectors, cabling, connectors, and antennas.
- The text also mentions various standards and ratings such as Ingress Protection Rating (IP Code), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Enclosure Rating, "Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosives" (ATEX) Directives, and National Electrical Code (NEC) hazardous locations.
Certified Wireless Network Administrator: CWNA – PW0-108
- The formula for calculating the radius of the first Fresnel zone at any point is 72.2 x [(N x d1 x d2) ÷ (F x D)].
- The first Fresnel zone is the area around the point source where the waves are in phase with the signal, while the second zone is beyond the first zone and the waves are out of phase.
- The curvature of the earth must be considered if the link is greater than 7 miles, with the formula for the height of the earth bulge being H = D2 ÷ 8 in feet.
- Antenna diversity exists when a wireless device has two antennas and receivers functioning together, using switched diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath.
- Legacy APs use switched antenna diversity to minimize the negative effects of multipath, where the signal with the best amplitude is chosen and others are ignored.
- Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a more sophisticated form of antenna diversity used by 802.11n and 802.11ac radios, enhancing reliability, range, and throughput.
- MIMO antennas typically consist of 3 omnidirectional antennas for indoor use, while outdoor MIMO antennas usually have 2 antennas per radio.
- Antenna connection and installation considerations include VSWR, signal loss, mounting, orientation, alignment, safety, and maintenance.
- Antenna accessories such as cables, connectors, splitters, amplifiers, attenuators, lightning arrestors, grounding rods, and wires are essential for proper installation.
- RF cabling introduces signal loss into a communications link and the higher the grade of cable, the less the loss.
- Impedance, with a value of 50 ohms, must match when connecting RF equipment such as access point connectors, cabling, connectors, and antennas.
- The text also mentions various standards and ratings such as Ingress Protection Rating (IP Code), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Enclosure Rating, "Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosives" (ATEX) Directives, and National Electrical Code (NEC) hazardous locations.
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Description
Test your knowledge of wireless network administration with the CWNA – PW0-108 quiz. Covering topics such as Fresnel zones, antenna diversity, MIMO, RF cabling, impedance matching, and standards and ratings, this quiz will challenge your understanding of key concepts and considerations in wireless networking.
