Anatomy of the Kidney: Structures and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of nerve supply for the kidney?

  • Renal plexus (correct)
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Renal vein
  • Renal artery
  • Where does filtration of plasma-derived fluid occur in the kidney?

  • Peritubular capillaries
  • Renal artery
  • Renal capsule
  • Glomerulus (correct)
  • What is the role of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?

  • Doesn't play a role in forming filtrate (correct)
  • Formation of filtrate
  • Surrounding the glomerulus
  • Filtration of urine
  • Which part of the nephron clings to the glomerular capillaries?

    <p>Podocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells form podocytes in the kidney?

    <p>Branching epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as a cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding the glomerulus?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the collecting ducts deliver urine into?

    <p>Minor calyces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the nephron have apical microvilli and abundant mitochondria?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubule cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the juxtamedullary nephrons located primarily?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for playing an important role in the production of concentrated urine?

    <p>Ascending limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the filtrate from many nephrons ultimately end up before being delivered to the collecting ducts?

    <p>Renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type lines the glomerular capsule and is involved in filtration within the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Podocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys?

    <p>Regulating total water volume and solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

    <p>Producing insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>Transporting urine from kidneys to urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ serves as a temporary storage reservoir for urine?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the urethra in the urinary system?

    <p>Transporting urine out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of the kidneys in maintaining the body’s internal environment?

    <p>Regulating total water volume and toxin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the proximal convoluted tubule located in relation to the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Closest to the renal corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Secretion of waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are found in the thin segment of the nephron loop?

    <p>Intercalated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

    <p>Presence of apical microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which structure does the distal convoluted tubule drain?

    <p>Collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basement membrane in the kidney?

    <p>Support and filtration barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vasa recta in the nephrons?

    <p>Supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron loop does the macula densa belong to?

    <p>Ascending limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of granular cells (juxtaglomerular cells) in the juxtaglomerular complex?

    <p>Detect blood pressure in afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the juxtaglomerular complex contain chemoreceptors?

    <p>Macula densa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the juxtaglomerular complex in nephrons?

    <p>Synthesize and secrete renin to regulate BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which vessel do the vasa recta arise in juxtamedullary nephrons?

    <p>Efferent arterioles serving juxtamedullary nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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