Mastering T Cell-Mediated Immunity
90 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of antigens require T helper cell interaction to produce a B cell humoral response?

  • T cell dependent antigens (correct)
  • Antigens with a large number of identical epitopes
  • Protein-based antigens
  • T cell independent antigens

    • What is the main difference between T cell dependent and T cell independent responses?

  • T cell dependent responses can class switch, while T cell independent responses cannot
  • T cell dependent responses require T helper cell interaction, while T cell independent responses do not
  • T cell dependent responses are long-lived, while T cell independent responses are short-lived
  • T cell dependent responses result in B memory cells and effector cells, while T cell independent responses do not (correct)

    • What is the process by which antibodies improve their ability to bind to antigens with time and subsequent interactions with antigen?

  • Affinity maturation (correct)
  • Positive selection
  • Antibody production
  • Class switching

    • What type of antigens do not consist of a large number of very similar or identical epitopes?

    <p>Protein-based antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the properties of a protein?

    <p>The length of the protein chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T helper cells in the activation of B cells?

    <p>T helper cells provide costimulatory molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the process of positive selection for strong antibody binding B cells occur?

    <p>The germinal center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are plasma cells?

    <p>Effector cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of class switching in antibodies?

    <p>Change in the nature of the antibody molecule's constant region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which B cells undergo further differentiation and antibody production?

    <p>T cell help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce antibodies in the parafollicular region?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized structure produced after maturation of B cells within the follicle?

    <p>Germinal center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the processes that occur in the germinal center during B cell maturation?

    <p>Class switching and affinity maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IgA immunoglobulin?

    <p>Important in mucosal immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is affinity maturation?

    <p>Positive selection of B cells with increased antigen binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells bind small amounts of antigen within the germinal center?

    <p>Follicular dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do some of the antibody secreting cells of the germinal center migrate to?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do memory B cells do?

    <p>Respond quickly to cognate antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequent is somatic mutation in the variable region genes compared to nonvariable region genes?

    <p>Up to 1 million times as frequent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the competition between mutated B cells in the germinal center?

    <p>Production of an efficient population of antigen specific B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity relies on close-range interactions between immune effector T cells and the target?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cytotoxic lymphocytes in T cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Direct killing of infected host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is most effective against extracellular pathogens?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens do B cells respond to in a T cell independent manner?

    <p>Polysaccharide antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of T cell independent antigens?

    <p>Limited properties for host defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in T cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Amplification of the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of immunoglobulin molecules in humoral immunity?

    <p>Binding to antigen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens do T cells respond to?

    <p>Small peptide antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity differ?

    <p>Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity involves the direct killing of infected host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is usually a cluster of five individual units?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of an antibody molecule is quite flexible, allowing the variable end to adapt to the configuration of the antigen?

    <p>Hinge region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule consists of a light chain and the associated part of the heavy chain?

    <p>Fab fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is present in secretions from the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary mucosa?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule plays a role in defense against parasites and provoking certain forms of allergy?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is the principal type formed in response to the majority of infectious agents?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is the first antibody to be synthesized in a primary immune response?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is efficient in combining with large particulate antigens such as fungi?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule binds specifically to mast cells and plays a role in defense against parasites and provoking certain forms of allergy?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is normally present in only small quantities in the blood of most people, but greatly increased in allergic individuals?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five classes of immunoglobulin in humans?

    <p>IgC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classes of immunoglobulin in humans are further divided into subclasses?

    <p>IgA and IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the specific effector function of an antibody?

    <p>The constant region of the heavy chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confers specificity of an antibody for a given antigen?

    <p>The variable region of the heavy chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for antibodies produced by a large number of individual clones of B cells?

    <p>Polyclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition may antibodies be monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>When there is a cancer of the plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to produce monoclonal antibodies to desired antigens at will?

    <p>Monoclonal antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method for producing monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Hybridoma production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the structure produced after maturation of B cells within the follicle?

    <p>Germinal center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cytotoxic lymphocytes in T cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>To kill infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is usually a pair of units?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of IgA immunoglobulin?

    <p>Combining with potentially harmful ingested or inhaled antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is normally present in only small quantities in the blood of most people, but greatly increased in allergic individuals?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of treatment with enzymes on an immunoglobulin molecule?

    <p>Formation of Fab fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is the first antibody to be synthesized in a primary immune response?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is IgG the principal type of antibody molecule formed in response to?

    <p>Extracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cytotoxic lymphocytes in T cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Killing infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between T cell dependent and T cell independent responses?

    <p>The involvement of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to produce monoclonal antibodies to desired antigens at will?

    <p>Monoclonal antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five classes of immunoglobulin in humans?

    <p>IgC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the specific effector function of an antibody?

    <p>Constant region of the heavy chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is present in secretions from the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary mucosa?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is usually a cluster of five individual units?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confers specificity of an antibody for a given antigen?

    <p>Variable region of the heavy chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classes of immunoglobulin in humans are further divided into subclasses?

    <p>IgA and IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do memory B cells do?

    <p>Produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition may antibodies be monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>In the disease multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens do not consist of a large number of very similar or identical epitopes?

    <p>T cell independent antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five classes of immunoglobulin in humans?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is normally present in only small quantities in the blood of most people, but greatly increased in allergic individuals?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Producing antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is the first antibody to be synthesized in a primary immune response?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells in the immune response?

    <p>Produce antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is efficient in combining with large particulate antigens such as fungi?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin molecule is the principal type formed in response to the majority of infectious agents?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system of soluble proteins plays a critical role in self-defense?

    <p>The complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of complement activation is triggered by antigen-antibody interactions?

    <p>The classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin antibodies are most efficient in activating complement?

    <p>IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is associated with a specific form of postsynthetic protein modification that forms citrullinated peptides?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that contributes to the association of a particular class II HLA allele with an autoimmune disease?

    <p>Ability to bind and present autoantigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for severe rheumatoid arthritis and is also responsible for the production of citrullinated peptides in the lung?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response are many (but not all) of the genes involved in propensity for, particularly autoimmune response, related to?

    <p>MHC (HLA) system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases tend to have an autoimmune component and are associated with certain class II HLA types?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins fall into the two major groups within the HLA system?

    <p>MHC class I proteins and MHC class II proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genes control the class I proteins within the HLA system?

    <p>HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different allelic genes can occupy the gene loci within the HLA system?

    <p>More than 1,200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HLA type is associated with a particular type of arthritis of the spine and the sacroiliac joints?

    <p>HLA-B27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of the HLA-B27 type indicate in relation to ankylosing spondylitis?

    <p>Predisposition to the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser