60 Questions
Which joint is assessed for asymmetry during the examination?
Subtalar joint
Which muscles help to reduce the load on the lumbar spine?
Abdominal muscles
What is the end feel of the lumbar spine during the assessment of joint play movements?
Tissue stretch
What is the purpose of the Dynamic Abdominal Endurance Test?
To assess muscle endurance in the abdominals
What is the grading for the isometric abdominal test?
Normal (5), Good (4), Fair (3)
What position should the patient be in for the Dynamic Abdominal Endurance Test?
Supine with the hips at 45°
Which movement should the examiner perform after the patient has completed the basic movements?
Repetitive motion
What is the maximum range of motion (ROM) in the lumbar spine for flexion (forward bending)?
40° to 60°
What may indicate hypomobility in the lumbar spine?
All of the above
What is the Kirkaldy-Willis description of degenerative changes in the disc?
Dysfunctional, unstable, and stable
What is an instability jog?
A sudden movement shift or 'rippling' of the muscles during active movement
What should the examiner watch for when the patient bends one or both knees on forward flexion?
All of the above
Which movement did McKenzie advocate repeating 10 times to see whether the symptoms increased or decreased?
Flexion and extension
When should combined movements of the spine be included in the examination?
When the patient has shown that a combined movement is what causes the symptoms
Which symptom would indicate facet involvement?
Hip and buttock pain
When should the quick test of the lower peripheral joints be performed?
When the patient is standing
What does a positive Trendelenburg sign indicate?
Weak gluteus medius muscle
When does flexion in the spine take place from above downward?
When the patient is standing
Which of the following is true about assessing the lumbar spine?
Neurological symptoms may indicate lumbar spine problems.
What should the examiner do when assessing a joint in the presence of symptoms originating in the lumbar spine?
Perform a screening or scanning examination of the joint.
What type of movements should the examiner observe during the active movement assessment of the lumbar spine?
Movements of the entire lumbar spine and hip joint.
Which of the following is true about the most painful movements during the active movement assessment of the lumbar spine?
At least one or more of the movements will be painful if the problem is mechanical.
What is the range of forward flexion during the active movement assessment of the lumbar spine?
40°–60°
What should the examiner look for during the active movement assessment of the lumbar spine?
Limitation of movement and its possible causes.
During straight leg raising, the movement occurs from below upward instead of from above downward.
True
During active movements, the examiner should watch for a painful arc.
True
The pain seen in a lumbar painful arc tends to be neurologically based.
True
During the happy round maneuver, the patient attempts to arch or hunch the back.
True
Extension (backward bending) is normally limited to 20° to 35° in the lumbar spine.
True
Side (lateral) flexion or side bending is approximately 15° to 20° in the lumbar spine.
True
During straight leg raising, the movement occurs from below upward instead of from above downward.
True
During the happy round maneuver, the patient attempts to arch or hunch the back.
True
Extension (backward bending) is normally limited to 20° to 35° in the lumbar spine.
True
Side (lateral) flexion or side bending is approximately 15° to 20° in the lumbar spine.
True
Rotation in the lumbar spine is normally 3° to 18° to the left or right.
True
During the Modified Extension Test (MExT), if the patient is over 50 years old, symptoms are produced to the same side as the side flexion and symptoms radiate below the gluteal fold, the test is positive for lumbar spinal stenosis.
True
During the assessment of joint play movements, the examiner checks the end feel of the individual vertebrae in the lumbar spine. What is the end feel for flexion in the lumbar spine?
Tissue stretch
Which muscles help to reduce the load on the lumbar spine by approximately 30%?
Abdominals
What is the grading for the isometric abdominal test if the patient can hold the end position with arms straight until scapulae clear table for 10-15 seconds?
Fair (3)
Which movement should the examiner perform after the patient has completed the basic movements during the examination of the lumbar spine?
Double straight leg lowering
Which joint should the examiner assess for asymmetry during the examination of the lumbar spine?
Sacroiliac joint
What is the purpose of the Dynamic Abdominal Endurance Test?
To assess the endurance of the abdominal muscles
During the active movement assessment of the lumbar spine, which movement is normally the summation of the movements of the entire lumbar spine, along with hip movement?
Forward flexion
What should the examiner look for when the patient is performing the active movements of the lumbar spine?
All of the above
Which movement of the lumbar spine should be performed last during the active movement assessment?
Extension
What is the range of motion (ROM) for side (lateral) flexion in the lumbar spine?
15°–20°
When should a screening or scanning examination accompany the assessment of a peripheral joint?
When there is referral of symptoms from the lumbar spine
What should the examiner do after asking the patient to demonstrate the movements that produce or have produced pain?
Allow time for symptoms to disappear before completing the examination
Which movement did McKenzie advocate repeating 10 times to see whether the symptoms increased or decreased?
Flexion
Which symptom would indicate facet involvement?
Hip and buttock pain
What is the purpose of the quick test of the lower peripheral joints?
To assess hip mobility
What is the purpose of the modified Trendelenburg test?
To assess gluteus medius muscle strength
When should the examiner perform the flexion movements with the patient in the supine position?
During the active movement assessment
What is the purpose of assessing functional limb length during the observation stage?
To detect asymmetry in the ASISs and PSISs
Which of the following is true about the range of motion (ROM) in the lumbar spine for flexion (forward bending)?
The ROM in the lumbar spine for flexion varies greatly among individuals.
What is the purpose of applying passive overpressure during the active movement assessment of the lumbar spine?
To determine if symptoms increase.
What is the significance of a sustained position increasing the symptoms in the lumbar spine?
It suggests hypomobility in the lumbar spine.
What is the effect of disc degeneration on intersegmental motion in the lumbar spine?
Intersegmental motion increases as disc degeneration increases.
What does an instability jog during active movement of the lumbar spine indicate?
An unstable segment.
What should the examiner watch for when the patient bends one or both knees on forward flexion?
All of the above.
Test your knowledge on straight leg raising and the significance of a painful arc in the lumbar region. Learn about the movement, its variations, and the neurological implications.
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