Mastering Specific Heat and Thermodynamics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about the coexistence of vapor and liquid?

  • The coexistence of vapor and liquid is represented by the length of plateau DE. (correct)
  • The coexistence of vapor and liquid is represented by the length of plateau BC.
  • The coexistence of vapor and liquid is represented by point D.
  • The coexistence of vapor and liquid is represented by point E.

What is the latent heat of vaporization for water?

  • 56300 kJ
  • 44 kJ/mole
  • 335 kJ/kg
  • 2257 kJ/kg (correct)

What is the latent heat of fusion for water?

  • 335 kJ/kg (correct)
  • 44 kJ/mole
  • 56300 kJ
  • 2257 kJ/kg

What is the effective freezing time defined as?

<p>The time required to reduce the temperature at the slowest cooling point from the ambient temperature to -15 oC. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is freeze concentration?

<p>The process of increasing the concentration of solutes in unfrozen material during freezing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total heat required to freeze 200kg of apples from 25 oC to -20 oC?

<p>82112 kJ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in enthalpy given by?

<p>ΔH = ΔU - pΔV + pΔV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enthalpy change equal to for a process taking place at constant pressure?

<p>Heat absorbed or evolved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens for the reverse process of vaporization?

<p>Heat is evolved and the process is exothermic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is enthalpy often equated with?

<p>Heat content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which method can be used to minimize heat loss to the surroundings in an experiment?

<p>Insulating the calorimeter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the rate of heat loss from a sample and the rate of heat loss from a reference material in the method of cooling?

<p>They are equal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is Newton's law of cooling?

<p>Rate of heat loss from a body is directly proportional to the excess temperature of the body above that of its surroundings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the specific heat and the rate of heat loss in the method of cooling?

<p>There is no relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of using an electrical element in a calorimeter?

<p>To eliminate heat loss from the liquid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for calculating the rate of heat loss in a continuous flow calorimeter?

<p>$m'CL\Delta T = VI$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the process called when a solid goes directly to vapor without becoming a liquid?

<p>Sublimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the specific heat capacities of ice and water?

<p>The specific heat capacity of water is greater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of the plateau in the temperature-time graph during heating of ice?

<p>To indicate the melting point of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the boiling point of a liquid and pressure?

<p>They are inversely proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the amount of energy required for batch heating or cooling?

<p>$Q = mass \times average specific heat \times temp change$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) defined as?

<p>The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise under constant volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) defined as?

<p>The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise at constant pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the specific heat of a mixture be found?

<p>By calculating the sum of the products of the fraction of each component and its specific heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods approximately?

<p>3700 J/kg. oC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of oil-based foods approximately?

<p>2100 J/kg. oC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods approximately?

<p>2000 J/kg. oC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of ice approximately?

<p>2110 J/kg. oC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine specific heat?

<p>Method of Mixtures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which readings are required in the Method of Mixtures to determine specific heat?

<p>Mass of the specimen, mass of the calorimeter, mass of the fluid, initial temperature of the specimen and fluid, and final temperature of the mixture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the amount of energy required for batch heating or cooling?

<p>Q = mass x average specific heat x temp change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods approximately?

<p>3700 J/kg. oC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of oil-based foods approximately?

<p>2100 J/kg. oC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods approximately?

<p>2000 J/kg. oC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which readings are required in the Method of Mixtures to determine specific heat?

<p>ms, mc, and mf (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine specific heat?

<p>Method of Mixtures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the specific heat capacities of ice and water?

<p>They are equal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion for water?

<p>2110 J/kg. oC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of vaporization for water?

<p>4180 J/kg/k (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is Newton's law of cooling?

<p>The rate of heat loss is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine specific heat?

<p>Method of Cooling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods approximately?

<p>2.0 J/kg/K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion for water?

<p>540 J/g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the boiling point of a liquid and pressure?

<p>Inversely proportional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the rate of heat loss from a sample and the rate of heat loss from a reference material in the method of cooling?

<p>Directly proportional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of oil-based foods approximately?

<p>4.0 J/kg/K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is Newton's law of cooling?

<p>The rate of heat loss from a body is directly proportional to its temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of the plateau in the temperature-time graph during heating of ice?

<p>To indicate the melting point of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for calculating the rate of heat loss in a continuous flow calorimeter?

<p>m'CLΔT = VI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the process called when a solid goes directly to vapor without becoming a liquid?

<p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is true about the latent heat of vaporization?

<p>It is the amount of heat required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water approximately?

<p>3 J/g°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the specific heat capacities of ice and water?

<p>The specific heat capacity of ice is less than the specific heat capacity of water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion for water?

<p>2257 kJ/kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of the plateau in the temperature-time graph during heating of ice?

<p>To indicate the phase change from solid to liquid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of using an electrical element in a calorimeter?

<p>To provide a constant source of heat for the experiment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between the rate of heat loss from a sample and the rate of heat loss from a reference material in the method of cooling?

<p>The rate of heat loss from a sample is always less than the rate of heat loss from a reference material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for calculating the rate of heat loss in a continuous flow calorimeter?

<p>Q = mλ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods approximately?

<p>1 J/g°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is freeze concentration?

<p>The process of freezing a liquid to concentrate the solutes in the unfrozen material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is true about the specific heat of water-rich foods?

<p>It is approximately equal to the specific heat of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the plateau in the temperature-time graph during the heating of ice?

<p>To indicate the melting point of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the rate of heat loss from a sample and the rate of heat loss from a reference material in the method of cooling?

<p>They are equal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of oil-based foods approximately?

<p>It is higher than the specific heat of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a solid goes directly to vapor without becoming a liquid?

<p>Sublimation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Newton's law of cooling?

<p>The rate of heat loss from a body is directly proportional to the excess temperature of the body above that of its surroundings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods approximately?

<p>It is lower than the specific heat of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which readings are required in the Method of Mixtures to determine specific heat?

<p>Mass and temperature of both the sample and the reference material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the boiling point of a liquid and pressure?

<p>They are inversely proportional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion for water?

<p>It is not mentioned in the text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by a unit temperature rise in batch heating or cooling?

<p>Q = mass x average specific heat x temp change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about the relationship between enthalpy and heat content?

<p>Enthalpy is equal to heat content both above and below the freezing point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the amount of energy required for batch heating or cooling?

<p>Q = mass x average specific heat x temp change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of vaporization for water?

<p>2257 kJ/kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods approximately?

<p>3700 J/kg. oC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods approximately?

<p>3.2 kJ/kg·°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of oil-based foods approximately?

<p>2100 J/kg. oC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods approximately?

<p>3.2 kJ/kg·°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods approximately?

<p>2000 J/kg. oC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the plateau in the temperature-time graph during heating of ice?

<p>To indicate no change in temperature during the phase change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine specific heat?

<p>Method of Mixtures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an electrical element in a calorimeter?

<p>To provide heat for the process of freezing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of using an electrical element in a calorimeter?

<p>To provide heat to the fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective freezing time defined as?

<p>The time required to reduce the temperature of a sample from the ambient temperature to -15°C. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of the plateau in the temperature-time graph during heating of ice?

<p>To indicate the melting of the ice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in enthalpy given by?

<p>ΔH = ΔU - pΔV + pΔV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is freeze concentration?

<p>A process in which a liquid is cooled below its freezing point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the specific heat capacities of ice and water?

<p>The specific heat capacities of ice and water are equal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the specific heat of a mixture be found?

<p>By measuring the temperature change of the individual components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the boiling point of a liquid and pressure?

<p>The boiling point of a liquid increases with increasing pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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