Mastering Poiseuille's Law
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Questions and Answers

According to Poiseuille's law, which factor is directly related to resistance?

  • Viscosity (correct)
  • Length
  • Radius
  • Flow rate

    • Which factor is inversely related to resistance according to Poiseuille's law?

  • Flow rate
  • Length
  • Viscosity
  • Radius (correct)

    • What happens to resistance when the radius of a blood vessel increases?

  • Resistance decreases (correct)
  • Resistance cannot be determined
  • Resistance increases
  • Resistance stays the same

    • What happens to resistance when the radius of a blood vessel decreases?

    <p>Resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Filtering lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tissue swelling caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in the lymph?

    <p>Lymph edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure drives filtration, moving plasma from the capillary to the tissues?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osmotic pressure in capillary exchange?

    <p>Absorption from interstitial fluid to plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels conduct blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood pressure reading indicates hypertension?

    <p>140/90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force of blood from and back to the heart?

    <p>Mean arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the flow of blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chambers of the heart are responsible for receiving blood?

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for total lung capacity (TLC)?

    <p>TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between resistance and flow in a fluid system?

    <p>Resistance is inversely proportional to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vasoconstriction in blood vessels?

    <p>Increases pressure and resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary has the largest fenestrations and is the most permeable?

    <p>Sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for velocity of blood through capillaries?

    <p>V = Q/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors send constant signals to the medulla through cranial nerve 9?

    <p>Baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

    <p>MAP = CO * R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the tension that keeps the lungs inflated?

    <p>Surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the muco-ciliary escalator?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Boyle's law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of the container decreases?

    <p>The pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs?

    <p>The air that remains in the lungs after you have pushed out as much air as you can</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the refractory period in cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

    <p>The refractory period is longer in cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the membrane potential of autorhythmic cells during the pacemaker potential?

    <p>-60mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ion funny channel (If channel) opens in autorhythmic cells?

    <p>Influx of sodium raises the membrane potential to -40mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of slow potassium gates in repolarization?

    <p>They close and cause hyperpolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the plateau phase in cardiac muscle?

    <p>It allows for a complete contraction and relaxation of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential of autorhythmic cells?

    <p>-60mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Absorbing proteins from the interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force of blood from and back to the heart?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the flow of blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to resistance when the radius of a blood vessel decreases?

    <p>Resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for creating a pressure gradient in the circulatory system?

    <p>Intrapleural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chambers of the heart receive blood?

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vasoconstriction in blood vessels?

    <p>Increases pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the flow of blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>Pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>Facilitate nutrient and waste exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for blood flow in the circulatory system?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for controlling resistance in the respiratory system?

    <p>Bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating pulse pressure (PP)?

    <p>PP = systolic pressure - diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is the least permeable and has intercellular clefts through which plasma leaks out?

    <p>Continuous capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for automatically dilating or constricting blood vessels based on the chemical needs of the surrounding tissue?

    <p>Myogenic autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

    <p>MAP = CO * R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compensations occurs when blood pressure drops?

    <p>Increase heart rate and vasoconstrict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for preventing the collapse of alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>Surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muco-ciliary escalator in the respiratory system?

    <p>To trap and eliminate pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Boyle's law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of the container increases?

    <p>The pressure decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Poiseuille's law, which factor is directly related to resistance?

    <p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the semilunar valves in the heart?

    <p>Control the flow of blood between the ventricles and the arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects the force of contraction in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Sarcomere length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?

    <p>It contracts the muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the cardiac refractory period compared to the skeletal muscle refractory period?

    <p>The cardiac refractory period is longer than the skeletal muscle refractory period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the membrane potential of autorhythmic cells during the pacemaker potential?

    <p>-60mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of slow potassium gates in repolarization?

    <p>They open and repolarization resumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the plateau phase in cardiac muscle?

    <p>It allows for a complete contraction and relaxation of a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the flow of blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ion funny channel (If channel) opens in autorhythmic cells?

    <p>Influx of sodium raises membrane potential to -40mV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential of autorhythmic cells?

    <p>-60mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ion funny channel (If channel) opens in autorhythmic cells?

    <p>Influx of sodium raises membrane potential to -40mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the plateau phase in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Allows for a complete contraction and relaxation of a cell to contract and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the flow of blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the refractory period in cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

    <p>Cardiac refractory period is longer than skeletal muscle refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vasoconstriction in blood vessels?

    <p>Decreases blood flow and increases blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the membrane potential of autorhythmic cells during the pacemaker potential?

    <p>-60mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Boyle's law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of the container decreases?

    <p>Pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to resistance when the radius of a blood vessel decreases?

    <p>Resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the electrical conduction system of the heart?

    <p>The bundle of His splits into the right and left bundle branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave represent in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the AV node in the electrical conduction system of the heart?

    <p>To serve as a relay station between the atria and ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the semilunar valves in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>To prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles during ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average end diastolic volume (EDV) in the ventricles?

    <p>165 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the force of contraction in cardiac muscle?

    <p>The release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average end systolic volume (ESV) in the ventricles?

    <p>70 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the T wave in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Ventricular repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of isovolumic ventricular diastole in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>To allow for complete contraction and relaxation of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the SA node in the electrical conduction system of the heart?

    <p>To generate signals faster than the rest of the conduction system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: MAP is the driving force of blood from and back to the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Veins have the highest pressure in the circulatory system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Bronchoconstriction decreases airway resistance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Oxygen and CO2 exchange occurs between alveoli and capillaries during respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Lymphatic capillaries are found in the same places as circulatory capillaries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Lymph edema refers to tissue swelling due to excess fluid in the lymph.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: High blood pressure can cause lymph edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Lacteals are found in the lining of the intestines and are responsible for absorbing fats.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The smooth muscles surrounding the bronchioles are similar to the smooth muscles surrounding the arterioles in the circulatory system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The pleural fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura creates tension that keeps the lungs inflated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Type 2 alveolar cells secrete surfactant, which prevents alveoli from collapsing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The muco-ciliary escalator functions to trap pathogens and eliminate them from the respiratory system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osmotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure at the veniole end of the capillary.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fenestrated capillaries have larger intercellular clefts and fenestrations compared to continuous capillaries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The velocity of blood through capillaries is the slowest due to the larger cross-sectional area compared to arterioles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic arch arteries send constant signals to the medulla through cranial nerve 9.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Increasing the radius of a blood vessel decreases resistance and increases flow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The sarcomere length is directly related to the force of contraction in cardiac muscle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The number of crossbridges in cardiac muscle is directly related to the amount of calcium available.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The plateau phase in cardiac muscle allows time for calcium to bind to troponin and prevents continuous contraction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The SA node generates signals faster than the rest of the atrial cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The AV node is located in the upper right atrium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The atria contract before the ventricles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The end systolic volume (ESV) is the amount of blood in the ventricles after it has fully contracted.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The inspiratory capacity (IC) is equal to the sum of the tidal volume (TV) and the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The functional residual capacity (FRC) is equal to the sum of the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and the residual volume (RV).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The total lung capacity (TLC) is equal to the sum of the tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases during inhalation, creating a vacuum-like effect that forces air into the lungs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Slow potassium gates open during repolarization in cardiac cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: There is hyperpolarization during the cardiac refractory period.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The cardiac refractory period is longer than the skeletal muscle refractory period.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The plateau phase of the cardiac action potential allows for a complete contraction and relaxation of the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Autorhythmic cells do not have a resting membrane potential, but instead have a pacemaker potential around -60mV.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: If channels (ion funny channels) open in autorhythmic cells, there is an influx of sodium that raises the membrane potential to -40mV.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The total lung capacity (TLC) is equal to the sum of the tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Type 2 alveolar cells secrete surfactant, which prevents alveoli from collapsing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The atria contract before the ventricles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Osmotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure at the venule end of the capillary.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Slow potassium gates open during repolarization?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: There is no hyperpolarization during repolarization?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The cardiac refractory period is longer than the skeletal muscle refractory period?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The plateau phase allows for a complete contraction and relaxation of a cell?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Autorhythmic cells have a resting membrane potential of -60mV?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: If channels open, there is an influx of sodium that raises the membrane potential to -40mV?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The plateau phase is responsible for allowing calcium to bind to troponin and prevent continuous contraction?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: When the ion funny channel (If channel) opens in autorhythmic cells, there is an influx of sodium?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The atria contract before the ventricles?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: There is hyperpolarization during the cardiac refractory period?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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