Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which law describes fluid flow down a gradient?
Which law describes fluid flow down a gradient?
- Ohm's law
- Fick's law
- Newton's law
- Poiseuille's law (correct)
What is the driving force for the flow of a substance?
What is the driving force for the flow of a substance?
- Time
- Amount of substance
- Energy gradient (correct)
- Size of the gradient
What is directly related to the amount of flow between two points in a system?
What is directly related to the amount of flow between two points in a system?
- Size of the energy gradient (correct)
- Time
- Resistance
- Conductance
What is the greater the gradient, the greater the flow?
What is the greater the gradient, the greater the flow?
What is the term for factors that resist the flow down gradients?
What is the term for factors that resist the flow down gradients?
What is the term for the movement of a substance from one point in a system to another point in the system?
What is the term for the movement of a substance from one point in a system to another point in the system?
Which of the following clinical features is less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's case?
Which of the following clinical features is less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's case?
How many physico-chemical laws are in play in Mary's case?
How many physico-chemical laws are in play in Mary's case?
Which of the following is the best explanation for Robert's foot swelling?
Which of the following is the best explanation for Robert's foot swelling?
Which of the following is the best explanation for Robert's shortness of breath?
Which of the following is the best explanation for Robert's shortness of breath?
How many general types of problems do most patients with heart failure develop?
How many general types of problems do most patients with heart failure develop?
Which of the following is true about blood flow in the venous system in heart failure?
Which of the following is true about blood flow in the venous system in heart failure?
Which parameter in Poiseuille's law determines the rate of flow through a tube?
Which parameter in Poiseuille's law determines the rate of flow through a tube?
Which of the following substances is more likely to have a higher viscosity?
Which of the following substances is more likely to have a higher viscosity?
What happens to the flow when the hydrostatic pressure difference between two points in a tube increases?
What happens to the flow when the hydrostatic pressure difference between two points in a tube increases?
What happens to the flow when the radius of a tube decreases by half?
What happens to the flow when the radius of a tube decreases by half?
Which of the following parameters does NOT impact the flow through a tube?
Which of the following parameters does NOT impact the flow through a tube?
Which of the following is NOT a process in the body that depends on the flow of a substance down a gradient?
Which of the following is NOT a process in the body that depends on the flow of a substance down a gradient?
According to Fick's law, what factors determine the rate of diffusion across a membrane?
According to Fick's law, what factors determine the rate of diffusion across a membrane?
What is the relationship between the number of transporters and the surface area to volume ratio in cells specialized for transporting solute?
What is the relationship between the number of transporters and the surface area to volume ratio in cells specialized for transporting solute?
What is the main factor that determines the movement of charged particles across a membrane?
What is the main factor that determines the movement of charged particles across a membrane?
What is the relationship between the number of channels for a charged particle and the resistance in Ohm's law?
What is the relationship between the number of channels for a charged particle and the resistance in Ohm's law?
What happens to the current when the voltage increases in Ohm's law?
What happens to the current when the voltage increases in Ohm's law?
According to the text, when is Ohm's law most useful in biology?
According to the text, when is Ohm's law most useful in biology?
According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following is the most important determinant of resistance in a tube?
According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following is the most important determinant of resistance in a tube?
Which of the following is a caveat of Poiseuille's law?
Which of the following is a caveat of Poiseuille's law?
According to Fick's law, which of the following affects the rate of diffusion?
According to Fick's law, which of the following affects the rate of diffusion?
Which equation represents Fick's law?
Which equation represents Fick's law?
What is the driving force for diffusion according to Fick's law?
What is the driving force for diffusion according to Fick's law?
What is the effect of increasing the thickness of the membrane on diffusion according to Fick's law?
What is the effect of increasing the thickness of the membrane on diffusion according to Fick's law?
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Study Notes
Fluid Flow and Gradients
- Fick's law of diffusion describes fluid flow down a gradient, where the driving force is the concentration gradient.
- The flow of a substance is directly related to the concentration gradient between two points in a system.
Resistance to Flow
- The term for factors that resist the flow down gradients is resistance.
- In the context of Poiseuille's law, resistance is affected by the length and radius of the tube, as well as the viscosity of the fluid.
Poiseuille's Law
- Poiseuille's law states that the flow rate of a fluid is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the tube, and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fluid and the length of the tube.
- The parameter in Poiseuille's law that determines the rate of flow through a tube is the radius of the tube.
- If the radius of a tube decreases by half, the flow rate decreases by a factor of 16.
Fick's Law of Diffusion
- Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion is proportional to the concentration gradient and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane.
- The driving force for diffusion according to Fick's law is the concentration gradient.
- Increasing the thickness of the membrane decreases the rate of diffusion according to Fick's law.
Ohm's Law
- Ohm's law is useful in biology when studying the flow of charged particles across a membrane.
- According to Ohm's law, the current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.
- The number of channels for a charged particle affects the resistance in Ohm's law.
Heart Failure
- In heart failure, the venous system is affected, leading to increased pressure and swelling in the legs.
- Robert's shortness of breath is likely due to pulmonary edema, a complication of heart failure.
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