60 Questions
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?
Draining excess tissue fluids
What is the term for tissue swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lymphatic system?
Lymph edema
Which type of cells are found in the germinal centers of lymph nodes?
Lymphocytes
What drives filtration in the capillary bed?
Hydrostatic pressure
Which blood vessels conduct blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What is the formula for calculating pulse pressure?
Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure
Which blood vessels are known as volume reservoirs?
Veins
What is the driving force of blood flow from and back to the heart?
Mean arterial pressure
Which type of capillary is the most permeable?
Sinusoids
Which of the following is responsible for automatically dilating or constricting blood vessels based on chemical needs in the surrounding tissue?
Local control
What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = CO * R
What happens to blood pressure if blood volume increases?
Blood pressure increases
Which of the following is responsible for controlling the diameter of the bronchioles?
Smooth muscle
What is the function of surfactant in the respiratory system?
Prevents alveoli from collapsing
What is the primary function of the muco-ciliary escalator?
To trap pathogens
Which law states that the sum of the partial pressures in a container add up to the total pressure in the system?
Dalton's law
Which chambers of the heart are responsible for receiving blood?
Atria
What is the formula for total lung capacity (TLC)?
TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
What happens to intrapleural pressure during inhalation?
It decreases
What is the relationship between resistance and blood flow?
Resistance is inversely proportional to flow
According to Poiseuille's law, which factor is directly related to resistance?
Viscosity
Which factor is inversely related to resistance according to Poiseuille's law?
Radius
What happens to resistance when the radius of a blood vessel increases?
Resistance decreases
Which valves prevent blood from flowing backwards?
Both atrioventricular and semilunar valves
Which of the following is true about the cardiac refractory period compared to the skeletal muscle refractory period?
The cardiac refractory period is longer than the skeletal muscle refractory period.
What is the resting membrane potential of autorhythmic cells?
-60mV
What happens when the ion funny channel opens in autorhythmic cells?
Influx of sodium raises membrane potential to -40mV.
What is the role of slow potassium gates in repolarization?
They close and cause hyperpolarization.
What does the plateau phase in cardiac cells allow for?
A complete contraction and relaxation of a cell.
What is the membrane potential raised to when the ion funny channel opens in autorhythmic cells?
-40mV
Which of the following is a function of lymphatic capillaries?
Draining excess tissue fluids
What causes lymph edema (tissue swelling)?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
What is the role of lacteals in the lymphatic system?
Transporting fats from the intestines
What drives filtration in the capillary bed?
Hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following is responsible for the movement of nutrients and waste between the capillaries and surrounding tissues?
Bulk flow
Which type of capillary is found in the intestines and the kidneys, and has a high exchange rate of nutrients and waste?
Fenestrated capillaries
Which of the following is responsible for automatically dilating or constricting blood vessels based on chemical needs in the surrounding tissue?
Local control
What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = CO * R
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining the tension that keeps the lungs inflated?
Pleura fluid
What is the function of the muco-ciliary escalator?
To trap pathogens and get rid of them
According to Boyle's law, what happens to the pressure in a container when the volume decreases?
The pressure increases
What is the formula for calculating the inspiratory capacity (IC)?
IC = TV + IRV
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?
CO = stroke volume * heart rate
What is the role of arterioles in the circulatory system?
To maintain blood pressure
What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
To exchange nutrients and waste in capillaries
What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?
To store blood volume
Which of the following equations represents the total lung capacity (TLC)?
TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Which of the following statements about intrapleural pressure during inhalation is correct?
Intrapleural pressure increases during inhalation
Which of the following chambers of the heart are responsible for receiving blood?
Atria
Which of the following statements about blood vessel diameter is correct?
Vasoconstriction increases pressure and decreases flow
According to Poiseuille's law, which factor has an inverse relationship with resistance?
Radius
What is the formula for velocity (V) in terms of flow rate (Q) and total cross-sectional area (A)?
$V = Q/A$
Which valves open during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole) and close during ventricular relaxation (ventricular filling or ventricular diastole)?
Semilunar valves
What is the primary function of autorhythmic cells in the heart?
To generate their own electrical signal
Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential of autorhythmic cells?
It is around -60mV.
What happens when the ion funny channel opens in autorhythmic cells?
Influx of sodium raises the membrane potential to -40mV.
What is the primary function of the slow potassium gates in repolarization?
To open and allow efflux of potassium ions.
What is the relationship between resistance and blood flow?
They are inversely proportional.
What is the driving force of blood flow from and back to the heart?
Difference in pressure
What does the plateau phase in cardiac cells allow for?
A complete contraction and relaxation of a cell
Test your knowledge of Poiseuille's law and its relationship to resistance, length, viscosity, and radius. Understand how changes in these variables affect resistance and flow in a system.
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