30 Questions
Which of the following is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?
Blood pressure
What is the highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during ventricular contraction?
Systolic pressure
Which factor contributes to the thickness or stickiness of blood?
Blood viscosity
What is the process of narrowing blood vessels due to contraction of smooth muscle cells?
Vasoconstriction
Which process promotes greater blood flow by increasing the diameter of blood vessels?
Vasodilation
What is the lowest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during ventricular relaxation?
Diastolic pressure
Which factor can contribute to hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders?
High blood viscosity
What is the driving force behind the movement of blood through the circulatory system?
The pumping action of the heart
Which component of blood pressure is measured when the heart is pumping blood into the arteries?
Systolic pressure
What is the inner space of a blood vessel called?
Lumen
Which factor has the most significant impact on resistance to blood flow?
Blood vessel radius
What is the relationship between blood flow and total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
Blood flow is inversely proportional to TPR
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting arterial blood pressure?
Total peripheral resistance (TPR)
What is the purpose of the skeletal muscle pump in relation to venous blood pressure?
To squeeze blood toward the heart, aiding venous return
Which center in the medulla oblongata regulates sympathetic innervation to the heart, increasing heart rate and contractility?
Cardioaccelerator center
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism involved in the baroreceptor reflexes to maintain blood pressure homeostasis?
Vasoconstriction
What is the relationship between cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and the pressure difference (ΔP) required to maintain blood flow?
$\Delta P = CO \times TPR$
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can strain the heart?
Venodilation
What is the purpose of the respiratory pump in relation to venous blood pressure?
To increase intrathoracic pressure during breathing, facilitating venous return to the heart
Which of the following is NOT a key variable for maintaining blood pressure?
Blood viscosity
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention in response to low blood pressure?
Angiotensin II
Which of the following mechanisms is involved in the direct regulation of blood volume and pressure by the kidneys?
Changes in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a systolic blood pressure above 130 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure above 80 mmHg?
Hypertension
Which of the following types of shock is caused by a severe allergic reaction, leading to widespread vasodilation and decreased blood pressure?
Anaphylactic shock
Which of the following hormones is released in response to increased atrial pressure and promotes vasodilation and urinary sodium excretion?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Which of the following types of shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, often due to myocardial infarction or severe heart failure?
Cardiogenic shock
Which of the following hormones is released during stress and increases heart rate and vasoconstriction?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Which of the following types of shock is caused by severe infection, leading to systemic inflammation and vasodilation, resulting in decreased blood pressure?
Septic shock
Which of the following hormones is released in response to low blood volume and conserves water and constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure?
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure below 60 mmHg?
Hypotension
Learn about the movement of blood through blood vessels driven by the heart's pumping action. Understand blood pressure, including systolic pressure during ventricular contraction and diastolic pressure when the heart is at rest.
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