Blood Flow and Blood Pressure in the Circulatory System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

  • Blood flow
  • Blood pressure (correct)
  • Blood viscosity
  • Blood vessel diameter
  • What is the highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during ventricular contraction?

  • Diastolic pressure
  • Pulse pressure
  • Mean arterial pressure
  • Systolic pressure (correct)
  • Which factor contributes to the thickness or stickiness of blood?

  • Blood pressure
  • Blood viscosity (correct)
  • Blood flow rate
  • Vasodilation
  • What is the process of narrowing blood vessels due to contraction of smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process promotes greater blood flow by increasing the diameter of blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during ventricular relaxation?

    <p>Diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can contribute to hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders?

    <p>High blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the movement of blood through the circulatory system?

    <p>The pumping action of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood pressure is measured when the heart is pumping blood into the arteries?

    <p>Systolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inner space of a blood vessel called?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has the most significant impact on resistance to blood flow?

    <p>Blood vessel radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between blood flow and total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

    <p>Blood flow is inversely proportional to TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting arterial blood pressure?

    <p>Total peripheral resistance (TPR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the skeletal muscle pump in relation to venous blood pressure?

    <p>To squeeze blood toward the heart, aiding venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which center in the medulla oblongata regulates sympathetic innervation to the heart, increasing heart rate and contractility?

    <p>Cardioaccelerator center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism involved in the baroreceptor reflexes to maintain blood pressure homeostasis?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and the pressure difference (ΔP) required to maintain blood flow?

    <p>$\Delta P = CO \times TPR$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can strain the heart?

    <p>Venodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the respiratory pump in relation to venous blood pressure?

    <p>To increase intrathoracic pressure during breathing, facilitating venous return to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key variable for maintaining blood pressure?

    <p>Blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for promoting vasoconstriction and fluid retention in response to low blood pressure?

    <p>Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is involved in the direct regulation of blood volume and pressure by the kidneys?

    <p>Changes in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a systolic blood pressure above 130 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure above 80 mmHg?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of shock is caused by a severe allergic reaction, leading to widespread vasodilation and decreased blood pressure?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released in response to increased atrial pressure and promotes vasodilation and urinary sodium excretion?

    <p>Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs, often due to myocardial infarction or severe heart failure?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released during stress and increases heart rate and vasoconstriction?

    <p>Epinephrine and Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of shock is caused by severe infection, leading to systemic inflammation and vasodilation, resulting in decreased blood pressure?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released in response to low blood volume and conserves water and constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure?

    <p>Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by a systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure below 60 mmHg?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

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