Mastering Poiseuille's Law

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Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the heart being contracted and blood being pumped out of the ventricles?

End-systolic volume (ESV)

Diastole

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

Systole (correct)

What is the equation for stroke volume (SV)?

SV = EDV / ESV

SV = ESV - EDV

SV = EDV + ESV

SV = EDV - ESV (correct)

What is the average stroke volume per beat?

70 mL (correct)

20 mL

110 mL

90 mL

Which factor affects stroke volume by referring to the degree of stretching experienced by the heart muscle cells during diastole?

Preload Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the amount of blood returning to the heart and is influenced by gravity?

Venous blood return Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the amount of blood returning to the heart and is influenced by the muscle pump when transitioning from standing to running?

Muscle Pump Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the stroke volume as the end-diastolic volume (EDV) increases and the end-systolic volume (ESV) decreases?

Stroke volume increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can cause a decrease in venous return during exercise?

Venoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating ejection fraction?

SV/EDV Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the parasympathetic nervous system in heart rate control?

To decrease heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reflex that leads to an increase in heart rate due to stretching of atrial cells?

Bainbridge reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating cardiac output (Q)?

Q = SV x HR Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for an increase in systolic blood pressure during exercise?

Increased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

MAP = ⅓ systolic + ⅔ Diastolic Signup and view all the answers

According to Poiseuille's Law, which factor has the greatest influence on blood flow rate in a vessel?

Radius Signup and view all the answers

What happens to resistance when flow decreases?

Resistance increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence vasodilation?

Sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between shear stress and viscosity?

Shear stress increases with viscosity Signup and view all the answers

During exercise, what happens to blood flow distribution?

Blood flow increases to active muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about blood flow distribution during rest?

Blood flow is more passive than active Signup and view all the answers

Which body region experiences a higher increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Lower body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the equation for cardiac output (Q)?

Q = SV x HR Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the left ventricle is true?

The left ventricle has more muscle mass than the right ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cardiac hypertrophy is true?

Cardiac hypertrophy is a normal adaptation to high blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about stroke volume (SV)?

Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about heart rate (HR) is true?

Heart rate is lower in trained athletes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the change in volume (C) with respect to the change in pressure?

C = \frac{\text{change in volume}}{\text{change in pressure}} Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vasculature is true?

Improved endothelial functioning leads to increased nitric oxide release. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about capillarization is true?

Capillarization is the formation of new blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood volume is true?

The initial increase in plasma dilutes red blood cells. Signup and view all the answers