Mastering Physics Chapter 3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the net force needed to give a 10-kg package an acceleration of 6.0 m/s²?

60 N

Find the examples of scalar quantities. Check all that apply!

  • Force
  • Acceleration
  • Volume (correct)
  • Time (correct)
  • Speed (correct)

    • What kind of path would the planets follow if their attraction to the Sun no longer existed?

    The planets would move in straight-line paths.

    What is the acceleration when a 21-N net force is exerted on a 3.0-kg cart?

    <p>7 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Newton's first law of motion?

    <p>Every object continues in a state of rest, or of uniform speed in a straight line, unless acted on by a nonzero force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How hard does a wall push back when you push on it with a force of 37 N?

    <p>37 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is your acceleration while pushing on the wall if your mass is 54 kg?

    <p>0.69 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration of a freely falling 10-N object?

    <p>10 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force of friction when dragging a block at a steady speed while exerting a force of 5 N?

    <p>Equal to 5 N, because the force of friction should exactly balance out the force you apply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do action and reaction forces act in succession or simultaneously?

    <p>Action and reaction forces act simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Find the examples of vector quantities. Check all that apply.

    <p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ranking from greatest to least for the masses of three 100-kg boxes?

    <p>All are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rank the weights of a 100-kg box on Jupiter, Earth, and the Moon from greatest to least.

    <p>Jupiter, Earth, Moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Newton's third law of motion?

    <p>Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force does a board exert on a hand during a karate chop that delivers a force of 3000 N?

    <p>3000 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rank the amount of friction from greatest to least between a crate and the floor.

    <p>A = F1 - 130 N B = F3 - 120 N C = F2 - 100 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the cannonball and cannon have different accelerations despite equal forces acting on them?

    <p>Each of the equal forces acts on objects with different masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newton's second law states: The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the _____ of the object.

    <p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Express Newton's second law using symbols.

    <p>a = f / m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the clay blobs when Dr. Hewitt turns around?

    <p>The blobs tend to stay where they were.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the clay blobs behave this way when Dr. Hewitt turns?

    <p>They have inertia—the tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you move a letter floating in a bowl of soup closer to you by rotating the bowl?

    <p>Neither rotating the bowl clockwise nor counterclockwise will work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the alphabet letters behave this way when you rotate the bowl?

    <p>They have inertia—the tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ball has greater acceleration as it drops toward the ground?

    <p>Both have equal acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ball do you predict will reach the ground first?

    <p>Both will reach at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ball will be traveling faster upon hitting the ground?

    <p>Both will be traveling equally fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Find the examples of vector quantities again. Check all that apply.

    <p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Find the examples of scalar quantities again. Check all that apply.

    <p>Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the scale read if you replace a 56-g magnet with a more powerful one that has the same mass?

    <p>56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where will the more powerful magnet hover compared to the original magnet?

    <p>Farther above the base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why doesn't a heavy object accelerate more than a light object when freely falling?

    <p>When in free fall, the ratio of weight to mass is the same for all objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test tells us if a moving object is in equilibrium?

    <p>If the moving body doesn't change its velocity, it is in equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect the amount of air resistance on a wing suit flyer?

    <p>Area and speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which changes would make it more likely for a ball to hit both the white can and the green can in a video demonstration?

    <p>None of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would increasing the mass of an elephant affect its acceleration if force applied is kept constant?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would increasing the applied force on an elephant affect its acceleration?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What force bends your fingers when you push against a wall?

    <p>The push of the wall on you bends your fingers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many forces are required for a single interaction?

    <p>Two forces constitute a single interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An object cannot remain at rest unless which condition holds?

    <p>The net force acting on it is zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration of a cart on an inclined plane that gains 5.4 m/s each 1.7 s?

    <p>3.2 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the spring scale read in an elevator if it is moving upward at constant speed with a 100-kg mass?

    <p>980 N (approximately)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who falls faster when wearing the same-size parachute—a heavy person or a light person?

    <p>A heavy person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the force that propels a rocket?

    <p>Its exhaust gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed to accelerate a system?

    <p>An external force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What net force does a sliding crate experience when you exert a force of 125 N and the friction is 115 N?

    <p>10 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two vectors are at right angles to each other, the resultant is greater than either of the vectors separately.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration of a falling object that has reached its terminal velocity?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As mass is added to a pushed object, what happens to its acceleration?

    <p>Decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration of a 1.3-kg object in free fall?

    <p>10 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rank the terminal velocities of parachutists A (40 kg), B (75 kg), and C (50 kg) from fastest to slowest.

    <p>B = 75 kg C = 50 kg A = 40 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rank the order in reaching the ground for parachutists A (40 kg), B (75 kg), and C (50 kg) from longest to shortest.

    <p>A = 40 kg C = 50 kg B = 75 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is acceleration directly proportional or inversely proportional to force?

    <p>Directly proportional to force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is acceleration directly proportional or inversely proportional to mass?

    <p>Inversely proportional to mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force diagram correctly displays all horizontal forces exerted on the cart by the surrounding air?

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force needed to give an 8.0-kg package an acceleration of 8.0 m/s²?

    <p>64 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration of a 0.60-kg object in free fall?

    <p>10 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration of a cart on an inclined plane that gains 6.4 m/s each 1.7 s?

    <p>3.8 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Newton's Laws of Motion and Forces

    • Newton's second law defines the relationship between net force (Fnet), mass (m), and acceleration (a) as Fnet = ma. A 10 kg object needing 6 m/s² acceleration requires a net force of 60 N.
    • Newton's first law states an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a nonzero force.
    • Newton's third law highlights that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
    • A net force of 21 N acting on a 3.0 kg cart results in an acceleration of 7 m/s².
    • In equilibrium, the net force acting on an object is zero; this means a constant velocity indicates no change in state.

    Scalars and Vectors

    • Scalars include quantities such as speed, volume, and time, which only have magnitude.
    • Vectors, on the other hand, include velocity, force, and acceleration, having both magnitude and direction.
    • The force of friction opposing motion equals the applied force at constant speed; for instance, 5 N of applied force results in 5 N of friction.

    Motion and Gravity

    • If planetary attraction to the sun ceased, planets would travel in straight-line paths.
    • A freely falling object experiences an acceleration of approximately 10 m/s² due to gravity.
    • Terminal velocity occurs when the weight of a falling object equals air resistance, leading to zero acceleration.

    Experiments and Observations

    • When pushing against a wall, the force exerted back on the hands is equal (e.g., 37 N).
    • The force experienced by a moving object is influenced by its mass and the net forces acting on it.
    • In free fall, all objects accelerate equally regardless of mass, as demonstrated by 1.3 kg and 0.60 kg stones both experiencing 10 m/s².

    Equipment and Measurement

    • The acceleration of an object on an inclined plane can be calculated; for instance, a cart increasing by 5.4 m/s over 1.7 s yields an acceleration of 3.2 m/s².
    • In an upward-moving elevator at constant speed, the force measured on a scale would remain unchanged (e.g., 18 N).

    Practical Applications of Forces

    • To maintain acceleration in any system, an external force is necessary; increasing the mass of an object being pushed reduces its acceleration.
    • When comparing multiple objects under the same conditions (e.g., parachutists of varying weights), heavier objects tend to fall faster, while lighter objects fall slower due to differences in terminal velocity.

    Conclusion

    • Understanding the principles of force, motion, and the distinction between vector and scalar quantities is essential in mastering the foundational concepts of physics.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key concepts in Physics Chapter 3 with these flashcards. Topics covered include Newton's second law, net force calculations, and scalar quantities. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these fundamental principles.

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