Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of the first line of defense in the body's defense mechanism?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the first line of defense in the body's defense mechanism?
What is the process by which neutrophils and macrophages randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter?
What is the process by which neutrophils and macrophages randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris, or foreign matter?
Which line of defense in the body's defense mechanism provides protection by stimulating the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances?
Which line of defense in the body's defense mechanism provides protection by stimulating the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances?
Which of the following organisms is an obligate intracellular organism?
Which of the following organisms is an obligate intracellular organism?
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Which of the following is a common cause of pneumonia?
Which of the following is a common cause of pneumonia?
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Which of the following organisms is multicellular?
Which of the following organisms is multicellular?
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Which of the following is a parasite that causes STI?
Which of the following is a parasite that causes STI?
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Which type of infection spreads to several sites and tissues fluids, typically through the circulatory system?
Which type of infection spreads to several sites and tissues fluids, typically through the circulatory system?
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What is the term for the presence of bacteria in the blood?
What is the term for the presence of bacteria in the blood?
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Which type of infection appears rapidly with severe symptoms but is short-lived?
Which type of infection appears rapidly with severe symptoms but is short-lived?
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What are the general signs of infection usually associated with?
What are the general signs of infection usually associated with?
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Which type of drugs rely on the host's defenses to ultimately destroy bacteria?
Which type of drugs rely on the host's defenses to ultimately destroy bacteria?
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Which type of antibacterials are effective against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria?
Which type of antibacterials are effective against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria?
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Which type of drugs interfere with protein synthesis and can have significant effects on developing fetus and young child?
Which type of drugs interfere with protein synthesis and can have significant effects on developing fetus and young child?
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Which type of drugs can interfere with crucial enzyme production/activity?
Which type of drugs can interfere with crucial enzyme production/activity?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of 1st degree burns?
Which of the following is a characteristic of 1st degree burns?
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What is the main concern for a burn patient in terms of respiratory problems?
What is the main concern for a burn patient in terms of respiratory problems?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?
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What is the definition of zoonotic diseases?
What is the definition of zoonotic diseases?
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Which type of wound healing occurs when healing by primary intention is not possible due to significant tissue loss or damage?
Which type of wound healing occurs when healing by primary intention is not possible due to significant tissue loss or damage?
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Which stage of wound healing involves the development of new granulation tissue composed of collagen and extracellular matrix?
Which stage of wound healing involves the development of new granulation tissue composed of collagen and extracellular matrix?
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Which factor does NOT affect wound healing?
Which factor does NOT affect wound healing?
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Which complication of scar formation during healing may restrict the range of movement of a joint and result in fixation and deformity?
Which complication of scar formation during healing may restrict the range of movement of a joint and result in fixation and deformity?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acute inflammation?
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Which of the following is a common treatment for inflammation?
Which of the following is a common treatment for inflammation?
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Which of the following is a side effect of corticosteroid use?
Which of the following is a side effect of corticosteroid use?
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Which of the following lifestyle modifications can help reduce chronic inflammation?
Which of the following lifestyle modifications can help reduce chronic inflammation?
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The first line of defense against harmful substances in the body involves specific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation.
The first line of defense against harmful substances in the body involves specific processes of phagocytosis and inflammation.
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Interferons are specific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses.
Interferons are specific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses.
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The third line of defense in the body's defense mechanism involves the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances.
The third line of defense in the body's defense mechanism involves the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances.
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Antibiotics and antimicrobials are interchangeable terms.
Antibiotics and antimicrobials are interchangeable terms.
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Bactericidal drugs inhibit reproduction of bacteria.
Bactericidal drugs inhibit reproduction of bacteria.
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Broad spectrum antibacterials are effective against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.
Broad spectrum antibacterials are effective against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.
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Antiviral agents can destroy viruses inside the host cell.
Antiviral agents can destroy viruses inside the host cell.
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True or false: Local infections are caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms in the blood?
True or false: Local infections are caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms in the blood?
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True or false: Chronic infections have less severe symptoms than acute infections and persist for a long period?
True or false: Chronic infections have less severe symptoms than acute infections and persist for a long period?
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True or false: Secondary infections are caused by the same microbe that caused the primary infection?
True or false: Secondary infections are caused by the same microbe that caused the primary infection?
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True or false: Subclinical infections cause apparent signs and symptoms?
True or false: Subclinical infections cause apparent signs and symptoms?
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Acute inflammation occurs immediately after injury.
Acute inflammation occurs immediately after injury.
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Chronic inflammation is characterized by more swelling and exudate compared to acute inflammation.
Chronic inflammation is characterized by more swelling and exudate compared to acute inflammation.
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NSAIDs block COX 1 enzymes.
NSAIDs block COX 1 enzymes.
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Corticosteroids decrease capillary permeability and enhance the effectiveness of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Corticosteroids decrease capillary permeability and enhance the effectiveness of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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True or false: Shrinkage of scar tissue may cause shortening or narrowing of structures.
True or false: Shrinkage of scar tissue may cause shortening or narrowing of structures.
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True or false: Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that prevent normal movement of the structure.
True or false: Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that prevent normal movement of the structure.
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True or false: Hypertrophic scar tissue is characterized by overgrowth of fibrous tissue.
True or false: Hypertrophic scar tissue is characterized by overgrowth of fibrous tissue.
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True or false: Ulceration around a scar may result in further tissue breakdown.
True or false: Ulceration around a scar may result in further tissue breakdown.
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True or false: DMARDs are intended for acute treatment of rheumatic diseases?
True or false: DMARDs are intended for acute treatment of rheumatic diseases?
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True or false: Biologics inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?
True or false: Biologics inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?
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True or false: Primary healing occurs when healing by primary intention is not possible due to significant tissue loss or damage?
True or false: Primary healing occurs when healing by primary intention is not possible due to significant tissue loss or damage?
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True or false: Scar tissue is elastic and does not restrict the range of movement of a joint?
True or false: Scar tissue is elastic and does not restrict the range of movement of a joint?
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True or false: Rickettsiae are gram-negative bacteria that live inside host cells and can cause diseases such as typhus fever and rocky mountain spotted fever.
True or false: Rickettsiae are gram-negative bacteria that live inside host cells and can cause diseases such as typhus fever and rocky mountain spotted fever.
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True or false: Mycoplasma is a common cause of pneumonia and is the smallest cellular microbe.
True or false: Mycoplasma is a common cause of pneumonia and is the smallest cellular microbe.
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True or false: Fungi are found on dead organic material and can cause fungal infections. They are commonly found on surfaces and in foods.
True or false: Fungi are found on dead organic material and can cause fungal infections. They are commonly found on surfaces and in foods.
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True or false: Protozoa are unicellular, motile organisms that can act as parasites. They can cause diseases such as trichomonas vaginalis and plasmodium vivax.
True or false: Protozoa are unicellular, motile organisms that can act as parasites. They can cause diseases such as trichomonas vaginalis and plasmodium vivax.
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Study Notes
Body's Defense Mechanism
- The first line of defense involves phagocytosis and inflammation to protect against harmful substances.
- The third line of defense involves the production of unique antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes following exposure to specific substances.
Microorganisms
- Obligate intracellular organisms require a host cell to survive and reproduce.
- Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular organisms that live inside host cells and can cause diseases such as typhus fever and rocky mountain spotted fever.
- Mycoplasma is the smallest cellular microbe and is a common cause of pneumonia.
- Fungi are found on dead organic material and can cause fungal infections.
- Protozoa are unicellular, motile organisms that can act as parasites and cause diseases such as trichomonas vaginalis and plasmodium vivax.
Infections
- Local infections are caused by the multiplication of pathogenic organisms in a specific area of the body.
- Chronic infections persist for a long period and may have less severe symptoms than acute infections.
- Secondary infections are caused by a different microbe than the one that caused the primary infection.
- Subclinical infections do not cause apparent signs and symptoms.
Antibiotics and Antimicrobials
- Antibiotics and antimicrobials are not interchangeable terms.
- Bactericidal drugs inhibit the reproduction of bacteria.
- Broad-spectrum antibacterials are effective against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.
- Antiviral agents can destroy viruses inside the host cell.
Inflammation
- Acute inflammation occurs immediately after injury and is characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
- Chronic inflammation is characterized by more swelling and exudate compared to acute inflammation.
- NSAIDs block COX 1 enzymes.
- Corticosteroids decrease capillary permeability and enhance the effectiveness of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- Biologics inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Wound Healing
- Primary healing occurs when the wound is clean and approximated, allowing for direct closure.
- Secondary healing occurs when healing by primary intention is not possible due to significant tissue loss or damage.
- The proliferation stage of wound healing involves the development of new granulation tissue composed of collagen and extracellular matrix.
- Shrinkage of scar tissue may cause shortening or narrowing of structures.
- Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that prevent normal movement of the structure.
- Hypertrophic scar tissue is characterized by overgrowth of fibrous tissue.
- Ulceration around a scar may result in further tissue breakdown.
Burns
- 1st-degree burns affect only the epidermis and have minimal damage.
- The main concern for a burn patient in terms of respiratory problems is the risk of respiratory failure.
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Description
Test your knowledge on different patterns of infection! Learn about local infections, focal infections, systemic infections, septicemia, and more. Expand your understanding of how pathogens spread throughout the body and the potential consequences.
