Mastering Partial Pressure
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Questions and Answers

Which gas contributes the most to the partial pressure in the air we breathe?

  • Inert gases
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen (correct)

    • What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the air we breathe?

  • 0.03 mmHg
  • 21 mmHg (correct)
  • 78 mmHg
  • 98 mmHg

    • Which law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas?

  • Dalton's law (correct)
  • Henry's law
  • Fick's law
  • Graham's law

    • Which law states that the partial pressure of a gas dissolved in a liquid will be the same as the partial pressure of gas in contact with the liquid at equilibrium?

    <p>Henry's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that volume of diffused gas is depending on diffusion gradient, surface area, membrane thickness and diffusion coefficient?

    <p>Fick's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law state that the gas diffusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of its gram molecular weight?

    <p>Graham's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has greater solubility in water: carbon dioxide or oxygen?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid when the partial pressure of the gas decreases?

    <p>The amount of dissolved gas decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has the highest percentage in atmospheric air?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas shows a significant decrease in concentration from atmospheric air to alveolar air?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas shows an increase in concentration from humidified air in the trachea/bronchi to alveolar air?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas shows a decrease in concentration from alveolar air to expired air?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas shows the least variation in concentration throughout the airways and respiratory cycle?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition will cause a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood?

    <p>Venous admixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition will cause an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli?

    <p>Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition will compromise the efficiency of gaseous exchange in alveoli?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During normal respiration and resting conditions, what percentage of the volume of gas in the alveoli is replaced during inspiration?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in alveoli during hypoventilation? (PA= partial pressure in alveolus)

    <p>PA CO2 increases, PA O2 decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for slowing down the diffusion of oxygen in lung fibrosis?

    <p>Alveolar epithelial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas diffuses 20 times faster than oxygen in the alveoli?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to a decrease in the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli?

    <p>Emphysema (COPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which step does oxygen (O2) diffusion get slowed down in lung fibrosis?

    <p>Capillary basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of the diffusion steps across the pulmonary blood gas barrier?

    <p>Surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of surfactant in the gaseous exchange process in alveoli?

    <p>To aid in the diffusion of gas across the membrane of alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does dissolved gas enter after crossing the endothelial cells in the gaseous exchange process?

    <p>Plasma compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does dissolved gas enter and bind with after crossing the plasma compartment?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the volume of diffused gas according to Fick's Law of diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has a higher partial pressure difference in the alveoli and tissues area?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative diffusion rate of oxygen (O2) compared to carbon dioxide (CO2) in a gaseous medium?

    <p>O2 diffuses 1.17 times faster than CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many times more soluble is CO2 than O2 in water?

    <p>24 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement on partial pressure:

    <p>Total gas pressure is the sum of partial pressures of gases including vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement on gas composition:

    <p>Partial pressure of vapor is nearly unchanged between alveolar air and expired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gas composition is relatively constant in alveolar air. Select the best explanation for this observation:

    <p>Only a small portion of alveolar air is being replaced by newly inhaled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct path for the main gaseous exchange process of oxygen in alveoli:

    <p>Alveolar air-&gt;Alveolar cells-&gt;Basement membrane-&gt;Endothelial cells-&gt;Plasma-&gt;Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement on gaseous exchange in alveoli.

    <p>Partial pressure of oxygen is higher than carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gas Composition and Partial Pressure

    • Nitrogen contributes the most to the partial pressure in the air we breathe.
    • The partial pressure of oxygen in the air we breathe is approximately 160 mmHg.
    • Dalton's Law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.

    Gas Solubility and Diffusion

    • Henry's Law states that the partial pressure of a gas dissolved in a liquid will be the same as the partial pressure of gas in contact with the liquid at equilibrium.
    • Fick's Law states that the volume of diffused gas is dependent on the diffusion gradient, surface area, membrane thickness, and diffusion coefficient.
    • Graham's Law states that the gas diffusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of its gram molecular weight.
    • Carbon dioxide has a greater solubility in water than oxygen.
    • When the partial pressure of the gas decreases, the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid also decreases.

    Gas Exchange in the Respiratory System

    • Nitrogen has the highest percentage in atmospheric air.
    • Oxygen shows a significant decrease in concentration from atmospheric air to alveolar air.
    • Carbon dioxide shows an increase in concentration from humidified air in the trachea/bronchi to alveolar air.
    • Carbon dioxide shows a decrease in concentration from alveolar air to expired air.
    • Nitrogen shows the least variation in concentration throughout the airways and respiratory cycle.
    • Conditions that cause a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood include high altitude, anemia, and lung disease.
    • Conditions that cause an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli include hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis.
    • Conditions that compromise the efficiency of gaseous exchange in alveoli include lung fibrosis, pneumonia, and emphysema.

    Alveolar Gas Exchange

    • During normal respiration and resting conditions, approximately 10% of the volume of gas in the alveoli is replaced during inspiration.
    • During hypoventilation, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli increases, and the partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli decreases.

    Diffusion of Gases

    • In lung fibrosis, the structure responsible for slowing down the diffusion of oxygen is the thickened alveolar-capillary membrane.
    • Carbon dioxide diffuses 20 times faster than oxygen in the alveoli.
    • Conditions that can lead to a decrease in the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli include lung fibrosis, pneumonia, and emphysema.
    • In lung fibrosis, oxygen diffusion gets slowed down in the step of diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
    • The component that is not part of the diffusion steps across the pulmonary blood gas barrier is the plasma compartment.
    • Surfactant plays a role in the gaseous exchange process in alveoli by reducing the surface tension of water and increasing the surface area for gas exchange.
    • Dissolved gas enters the blood plasma after crossing the endothelial cells in the gaseous exchange process.
    • Dissolved gas enters and binds with hemoglobin after crossing the plasma compartment.

    Gas Diffusion and Solubility

    • The diffusion coefficient determines the volume of diffused gas according to Fick's Law of diffusion.
    • Carbon dioxide has a higher partial pressure difference in the alveoli and tissues area.
    • The relative diffusion rate of oxygen compared to carbon dioxide in a gaseous medium is 1:20.
    • Carbon dioxide is approximately 20-25 times more soluble than oxygen in water.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of partial pressure with this quiz! Learn about Dalton's law and how different gases contribute to the total pressure in a mixture. Explore the composition of the air we breathe and discover the partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases.

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