Mastering Operant Conditioning

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to a procedure where a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced with either positive or negative reinforcement?

  • Positive punishment
  • Positive reinforcement
  • Extinction (correct)
  • Negative reinforcement

What is the term for a procedure where a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing the original behavior's frequency?

  • Positive punishment
  • Negative reinforcement (correct)
  • Negative punishment
  • Positive reinforcement

What is the term for a procedure where a behavior is followed by an aversive stimulus?

  • Positive punishment (correct)
  • Negative reinforcement
  • Negative punishment
  • Positive reinforcement

What is the term for a procedure where a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus?

<p>Negative punishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in the probability of a behavior that is rewarding or followed by another rewarding stimulus?

<p>Positive reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decrease in the probability of a behavior that is followed by an aversive stimulus?

<p>Positive punishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the reduction in the probability of a behavior that is followed by the removal of a stimulus?

<p>Negative punishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement occurs following the first response after a fixed time has elapsed after the previous reinforcement?

<p>Fixed interval schedule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses?

<p>Fixed ratio schedule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a schedule of reinforcement where the time or number of responses required for reinforcement varies?

<p>Variable ratio schedule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning is a learning process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment.

<p>True (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who originated the concept of operant conditioning?

<p>Edward Thorndike (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Thorndike's law of effect, behaviors arise as a result of whether their consequences are satisfying or discomforting.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reinforcements are stimuli that decrease behaviors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning is a voluntary process that depends on the consequences of a behavior.

<p>True (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classical conditioning is a process where stimuli are paired with biologically significant events to produce involuntary and reflexive behaviors.

<p>True (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning and classical conditioning are both forms of voluntary learning.

<p>False (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning has been applied to the study of social psychology to clarify certain phenomena such as the false consensus effect.

<p>True (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning is a process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behaviorist psychologists believed that much, if not all, of mind and behavior can be explained as a result of environmental conditioning.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is often referred to as the Father of operant conditioning?

<p>B.F. Skinner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Thorndike observe in his experiments with cats and puzzle boxes?

<p>Cats taking a long time to escape the boxes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Thorndike's law of effect, which behaviors are more likely to be repeated?

<p>Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner reject in his analysis of operant conditioning?

<p>Unobservable mental states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner invent to measure response rates in his experiments?

<p>Cumulative recorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner's book 'Walden Two' focus on?

<p>The application of operant conditioning to human behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner's book 'Verbal Behavior' extend the principles of operant conditioning to?

<p>Language (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is operant behavior said to be 'emitted'?

<p>It occurs without a specific stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text compare the origin of operant behavior to?

<p>Variation and selection in bodily structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What variations can occur in operant behavior?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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