5 Questions
Explain the structure of DNA nucleotides and the composition of a DNA helix.
DNA nucleotides are composed of a pentose sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and either a purine (AG) or pyrimidine (CT) base. The DNA helix consists of two complementary strands that are antiparallel, with one strand being 3' to 5' and the other being 5' to 3'.
What is the significance of the 3' and 5' ends of a DNA strand?
The 3' end of a DNA strand has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar, while the 5' end has a phosphate group (-PO4) attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar. These ends play a crucial role in DNA replication and synthesis.
How are new nucleotides added during DNA replication?
During DNA replication, new nucleotides are always added to the 3' end of the DNA strand. This is because the enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase, can only add nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction.
Compare and contrast the structure and organization of bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes.
Both bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes have a similar DNA structure, which is highly conserved. They both contain genomic information and are composed of nucleotides. However, the organization of bacterial chromosomes is simpler and usually circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and more complex with histone proteins.
What does it mean for DNA structure to be highly conserved?
When DNA structure is highly conserved, it means that it has undergone little change over the course of evolution. This suggests that the structure is essential for the survival and reproduction of organisms.
Test your knowledge on the structure of nucleotides and the DNA helix with this quiz. Explore the components of nucleotides, such as the pentose sugar and phosphate group, as well as the purine and pyrimidine bases. Learn about the formation of the double helix and the antiparallel nature of DNA strands.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
