Mastering Newton's Third Law

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Questions and Answers

True or false: The archer slides backward on the ice after firing the arrow.

True (A)

True or false: Linear momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity.

True (A)

True or false: Linear momentum is a scalar quantity.

False (B)

True or false: Momentum is a vector quantity.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Kinetic energy can transform into other types of energy.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: There is only one type of linear momentum.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The momentum of a system of two equal-mass particles heading towards each other along a line is zero.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Models based on momentum and energy are the same.

<p>False (B)</p>
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True or false: The time rate of change of linear momentum is equal to the net force acting on a particle.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Newton's second law relates linear momentum to the resultant force acting on a particle.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Equation 9.3 can be used to represent the change in motion by using the derivative of momentum with respect to time?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The form of Newton's second law presented in Chapter 5 is more general than the alternative form using the derivative of momentum?

<p>False (B)</p>
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True or false: Equation 9.3 can be used to study phenomena where the mass of an object changes?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The mass of a rocket changes as fuel is burned and ejected from the rocket?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The equation g_F = ma_S can be used to analyze rocket propulsion?

<p>False (B)</p>
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True or false: The momentum approach must be used to analyze rocket propulsion?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The momentum approach is more general than the acceleration approach in analyzing rocket propulsion?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Equation 9.3 is known as Newton's second law for a particle?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Equation 9.3 can only be used when the velocity vector varies with time?

<p>False (B)</p>
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True or false: Equation 9.3 can be used to represent the change in motion for any object?

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: When two cars collide, both cars change their motion from having a very large velocity to being at rest because of the collision.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The average force experienced by each car during a collision is very large because each car experiences a large change in velocity over a very short time interval.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: According to Newton's third law, each of the cars experiences a force of the same magnitude during a collision.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: According to Newton's second law, the results of the forces experienced during a collision depend on the mass of the car.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Momentum is a concept that is useful for describing objects in motion and is related to both mass and velocity.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Conservation of momentum is a conservation law that applies to the total momentum of a system of objects.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Momentum can be conserved in both isolated and nonisolated systems.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: Analysis models involving momentum are particularly useful for solving problems related to collisions between objects and rocket propulsion.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: The center of mass of a system of particles can be described by the motion of one particle located at the center of mass that represents the entire system.

<p>True (A)</p>
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True or false: In Chapter 8, problems involving situations that are difficult to analyze with Newton's laws were solved by applying the conservation of energy principle.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What does Equation 9.3 represent?

<p>The change in motion using the derivative of momentum with respect to time.</p>
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What can Equation 9.3 be used to study?

<p>Phenomena in which the mass changes.</p>
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Why can't we use $g_F = ma_S$ to analyze rocket propulsion?

<p>Because the mass of a rocket changes as fuel is burned and ejected from the rocket.</p>
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What is the more general form of Newton's second law?

<p>The alternative form using the derivative of momentum.</p>
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What is momentum?

<p>The product of mass and velocity.</p>
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What is the momentum approach particularly useful for?

<p>Solving problems related to collisions between objects and rocket propulsion.</p>
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Can Equation 9.3 be used to represent the change in motion for any object?

<p>Yes.</p>
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Is the momentum approach more general than the acceleration approach in analyzing rocket propulsion?

<p>Yes.</p>
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Does the mass of a rocket change as fuel is burned and ejected?

<p>Yes.</p>
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Can Equation 9.3 be used to study phenomena where the mass of an object changes?

<p>Yes.</p>
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What is the main objective of this chapter?

<p>To understand and analyze events involving collisions and rocket propulsion.</p>
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What is momentum?

<p>Momentum is a concept that is useful for describing objects in motion and is related to both mass and velocity.</p>
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What is the conservation law related to momentum called?

<p>Conservation of momentum.</p>
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What is the center of mass of a system of particles?

<p>The center of mass is a point that represents the entire system, and the motion of the system can be described by the motion of one particle located at the center of mass.</p>
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What type of problems are analysis models involving momentum particularly useful for?

<p>Problems involving collisions between objects and rocket propulsion.</p>
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According to Newton's third law, what is the relationship between the forces experienced by two cars during a collision?

<p>Each car experiences a force of the same magnitude.</p>
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What is the average force experienced by each car during a collision?

<p>The average force is very large because each car experiences a large change in velocity over a very short time interval.</p>
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What is the equation that relates the change in motion to the derivative of momentum with respect to time?

<p>$F = \frac{dp}{dt}$</p>
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What is the equation that represents Newton's second law for a particle?

<p>$F = ma$</p>
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What principle was applied to solve problems involving situations that are difficult to analyze with Newton's laws in Chapter 8?

<p>Conservation of energy principle.</p>
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What is the definition of linear momentum?

<p>The linear momentum of a particle or an object that can be modeled as a particle of mass $m$ moving with a velocity $v_S$ is defined to be the product of the mass and velocity of the particle: $p_S = mv_S$.</p>
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Is linear momentum a scalar or a vector quantity?

<p>Linear momentum is a vector quantity because it equals the product of a scalar quantity $m$ and a vector quantity $v_S$. Its direction is along $v_S$, it has dimensions $ML/T$, and its SI unit is $kg \cdot m/s$.</p>
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What are the three components of linear momentum?

<p>If a particle is moving in an arbitrary direction, $p_S$ has three components, and Equation 9.2 is equivalent to the component equations $p_x = mv_x$, $p_y = mv_y$, $p_z = mv_z$.</p>
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What is the equation that relates the time rate of change of linear momentum to the net force acting on a particle?

<p>The equation is $F_S = \frac{d p_S}{dt}$, where $F_S$ is the net force acting on the particle and $\frac{d p_S}{dt}$ is the time rate of change of the linear momentum of the particle.</p>
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What is the equation for the time rate of change of linear momentum?

<p>$\frac{d p_S}{dt}$.</p>
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What is the equation for the net force acting on a particle?

<p>$F_S$.</p>
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What is the equation for the definition of linear momentum?

<p>$p_S = mv_S$.</p>
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What is the SI unit of linear momentum?

<p>The SI unit of linear momentum is $kg \cdot m/s$.</p>
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What is the equation for the three components of linear momentum?

<p>The equation is $p_x = mv_x$, $p_y = mv_y$, $p_z = mv_z$.</p>
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What is the definition of linear momentum?

<p>The product of mass and velocity (C)</p>
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What is the equation for the time rate of change of linear momentum?

<p>$F_S = \frac{{\Delta p_S}},{{\Delta t}}$ (C)</p>
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What is the equation that relates the change in motion to the derivative of momentum with respect to time?

<p>$F_S = \frac{{\Delta p_S}},{{\Delta t}}$ (A)</p>
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What type of problems are analysis models involving momentum particularly useful for?

<p>Problems related to collisions between objects (B)</p>
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What are the three components of linear momentum?

<p>Mass, velocity, and time (B)</p>
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Is linear momentum a scalar or a vector quantity?

<p>Vector (B)</p>
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True or false: The momentum approach is more general than the acceleration approach in analyzing rocket propulsion?

<p>False (A)</p>
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True or false: The mass of a rocket changes as fuel is burned and ejected from the rocket?

<p>True (B)</p>
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True or false: Conservation of momentum is a conservation law that applies to the total momentum of a system of objects.

<p>True (B)</p>
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True or false: The average force experienced by each car during a collision is very large because each car experiences a large change in velocity over a very short time interval.

<p>True (B)</p>
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Which equation represents the change in motion according to Equation 9.3?

<p>$a_S = \frac{dp_S}{dt}$ (A)</p>
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Which statement is true about Equation 9.3?

<p>Equation 9.3 can be used to study phenomena where the mass of an object changes. (D)</p>
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What is the equation for the three components of linear momentum?

<p>$p_S = mv_S$ (C)</p>
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What is the conservation law related to momentum called?

<p>Law of conservation of momentum (C)</p>
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What is the definition of linear momentum?

<p>The product of mass and velocity (A)</p>
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Is the momentum approach more general than the acceleration approach in analyzing rocket propulsion?

<p>True (B)</p>
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True or false: The momentum of a system of two equal-mass particles heading towards each other along a line is zero.

<p>False (A)</p>
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True or false: Linear momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Can Equation 9.3 be used to represent the change in motion for any object?

<p>True (B)</p>
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What is the center of mass of a system of particles?

<p>The average position of all the particles in the system (A)</p>
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Which of the following is true about the average force experienced by each car during a collision?

<p>The average force is very large (B)</p>
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What is the main objective of this chapter?

<p>To understand and analyze events involving changes in motion (B)</p>
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What is the equation for the definition of linear momentum?

<p>$p = mv$ (A)</p>
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What principle was applied to solve problems involving situations that are difficult to analyze with Newton's laws in Chapter 8?

<p>Conservation of energy (D)</p>
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What is the equation for the time rate of change of linear momentum?

<p>$F = \frac{{\Delta p}},{{\Delta t}}$ (A)</p>
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What is the equation for the net force acting on a particle?

<p>$F = ma$ (D)</p>
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What is the equation for the three components of linear momentum?

<p>$p_x = mv_x$, $p_y = mv_y$, $p_z = mv_z$ (B)</p>
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What is the SI unit of linear momentum?

<p>kg•m/s (C)</p>
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What is the equation for the three components of linear momentum?

<p>$p_x = mv_x$, $p_y = mv_y$, $p_z = mv_z$ (A)</p>
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What is the equation for the three components of linear momentum?

<p>$p_x = mv_x$, $p_y = mv_y$, $p_z = mv_z$ (C)</p>
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