Mastering Molecular Clocks
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Questions and Answers

Which classification system is the most recent?

  • Two Kingdoms
  • Five Kingdoms
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer
  • Three Domains (correct)

    • What were the five recognized kingdoms in the past?

  • Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia (correct)
  • Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
  • Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Horizontal Gene Transfer
  • Bacteria, Archaea, and Horizontal Gene Transfer

    • What is horizontal gene transfer?

  • The transfer of genes from the genome of one species to another (correct)
  • The transfer of genes within the same species
  • The transfer of genes from the genome of one domain to another
  • The transfer of genes between plants and animals

    • What can cause horizontal gene transfer?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes prokaryotes?

    <p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes eukaryotes?

    <p>Eukarya (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain includes ancient bacteria?

    <p>Archaea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early taxonomists classify all species as?

    <p>Animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Figure 20.22 represent?

    <p>The tangled web of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a molecular clock?

    <p>A method that uses the rate of evolution in certain genes to estimate the time of evolutionary change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption made when using a molecular clock?

    <p>The number of nucleotide substitutions is proportional to the time since the last common ancestor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the difference in clock rate for different genes?

    <p>The criticality of the gene for survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of selectively neutral mutations in molecular clocks?

    <p>They have little or no effect on fitness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a molecular clock estimate?

    <p>The absolute time of evolutionary change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a codon table for mRNA?

    <p>To translate mRNA sequences into amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about molecular clocks?

    <p>They use the rate of evolution in certain genes to estimate the time of evolutionary change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dating the origin of HIV-1 M?

    <p>To calculate the absolute time of the origin of HIV-1 M (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a molecular clock?

    <p>Assumes the number of nucleotide substitutions is unrelated to the time since the last common ancestor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a molecular clock use to estimate the absolute time of evolutionary change?

    <p>The number of nucleotide substitutions in related genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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