Mastering Molecular Clocks

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Which classification system is the most recent?

Two Kingdoms

Five Kingdoms

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Three Domains (correct)

What were the five recognized kingdoms in the past?

Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia (correct)

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Horizontal Gene Transfer

Bacteria, Archaea, and Horizontal Gene Transfer

What is horizontal gene transfer?

The transfer of genes from the genome of one species to another (correct)

The transfer of genes within the same species

The transfer of genes from the genome of one domain to another

The transfer of genes between plants and animals

What can cause horizontal gene transfer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes prokaryotes?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes eukaryotes?

Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes ancient bacteria?

Archaea Signup and view all the answers

What did early taxonomists classify all species as?

Animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes do not Signup and view all the answers

What does Figure 20.22 represent?

The tangled web of life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a molecular clock?

A method that uses the rate of evolution in certain genes to estimate the time of evolutionary change Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption made when using a molecular clock?

The number of nucleotide substitutions is proportional to the time since the last common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What determines the difference in clock rate for different genes?

The criticality of the gene for survival Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of selectively neutral mutations in molecular clocks?

They have little or no effect on fitness Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecular clock estimate?

The absolute time of evolutionary change Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a codon table for mRNA?

To translate mRNA sequences into amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about molecular clocks?

They use the rate of evolution in certain genes to estimate the time of evolutionary change Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dating the origin of HIV-1 M?

To calculate the absolute time of the origin of HIV-1 M Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a molecular clock?

Assumes the number of nucleotide substitutions is unrelated to the time since the last common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecular clock use to estimate the absolute time of evolutionary change?

The number of nucleotide substitutions in related genes Signup and view all the answers