Mastering Molecular Clocks

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Which classification system is the most recent?

Three Domains (correct)

Two Kingdoms

Five Kingdoms

Monera

What were the five recognized kingdoms before the three-domain system?

Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Bacteria

Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Archaea

Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia (correct)

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What is horizontal gene transfer?

The transfer of genes from parents to offspring

The transfer of genes between plants and animals

The transfer of genes from one species to another (correct)

The transfer of genes within the same species

What are the causes of horizontal gene transfer?

Exchange of transposable elements or plasmids, viral infection, or fusion of organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the three-domain system?

To adopt a more recent classification system Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes prokaryotes?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes ancient bacteria?

Archaea Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes eukaryotes?

Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Which domain was part of the five-kingdom classification system?

Monera Signup and view all the answers

What does Figure 20.22 represent?

The tangled web of life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a molecular clock?

A clock that uses the constant rate of evolution in genes to estimate the time of evolutionary change Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption made when using a molecular clock?

The number of nucleotide substitutions in related genes is proportional to the time since they last shared a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What determines the difference in clock rate for different genes?

The criticality of the gene for survival Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a molecular clock?

To estimate the absolute time of evolutionary change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about selectively neutral mutations?

They have no effect on fitness Signup and view all the answers

What does the number of nucleotide substitutions in related genes represent in a molecular clock?

The time since the genes last shared a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What does a molecular clock use to estimate the absolute time of evolutionary change?

The rate of mutation in genes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a molecular clock?

Dependent on the length of the gene Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of a molecular clock assume about the rate of evolution in genes?

The rate of evolution is constant over time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main factor that determines the difference in clock rate for different genes?