Mastering Microbial Control

Sanitation = The process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level Vaccination = The administration of a vaccine to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen Disinfection = The process of killing or removing most microorganisms on inanimate objects Chemotherapy = The use of chemical substances to treat diseases caused by microorganisms

Mechanical control = Used to physically remove microorganisms from surfaces Heat control = Used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms Radiation control = Used to sterilize medical equipment and supplies Chemical control = Used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on surfaces

Halogens = Interfere with microbial enzyme systems Aldehydes = React with amino and sulfhydryl groups of proteins, causing them to denature Quaternary ammonium compounds = Disrupt the plasma membrane of microorganisms Heavy metals = Inactivate microbial proteins

<p>Contact time = The longer the contact time, the more effective the control method Penetrating power = The ability of a control method to reach and kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms Presence of organic matter = Can interfere with the effectiveness of some control methods Type of microorganism = Different microorganisms may have varying levels of resistance to control methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporicidal chemicals = Effective against bacterial endospores Toxic chemicals = Harmful to humans and wildlife Persistent chemicals = Can lead to increasing pathogen resistance Oligodynamic chemicals = Effective in very small amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells = May have different targets and responses compared to eukaryotic cells Endospores = Can be resistant to many control methods Cysts = May require specific control methods Viruses = May require specific control methods due to their unique structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Halogens = Chlorine and iodine Phenolics = Phenol and derivatives Aldehydes = Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde Quaternary ammonium compounds = Benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat control - wet = Boiling water Heat control - dry = Incineration Filtration = Membrane filters Radiation - ionizing = Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cidal action = The action of a control method that kills microorganisms Static action = The action of a control method that inhibits the growth of microorganisms Narrow spectrum action = The action of a control method that is effective against a limited range of microorganisms Broad spectrum action = The action of a control method that is effective against a wide range of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical control = Using disinfectants and antiseptics Physical control = Using heat or radiation Mechanical control = Using scrubbing or wiping Biological control = Using bacteriophages or other microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers