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Mastering Metformin

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about metformin?

It is commonly used in patients with abnormal creatinine clearance

It primarily decreases hepatic glucose production (correct)

It is a second-generation sulfonylurea

It carries a high risk of hypoglycemia

What is the main function of biguanides like metformin?

Increase insulin resistance in muscles

Decrease hepatic glucose production (correct)

Increase risk of hypoglycemia

Improve creatinine clearance

Which statement is true about first-generation sulfonylureas?

They primarily decrease hepatic glucose production

They are commonly used in patients with abnormal creatinine clearance

They are rarely used in current clinical practice (correct)

They have a high risk of hypoglycemia

Which enzymes do grapefruit chemicals bind to, resulting in increased blood medication levels?

Intestinal enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of niacin therapy?

Flushing, skin rashes, gastrointestinal problems, and pruritus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid-lowering medications may cause muscle inflammation or muscle damage?

Statins and fibric acid derivatives (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pharmaceutical treatment for PCOS?

Addressing reproductive dysfunction and insulin resistance (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications works by increasing insulin production in the pancreas and carries a significant risk of hypoglycemia?

Sulfonylureas (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications provides more predictable results with fewer side effects and more convenient dosing compared to 1st generation sulfonylureas?

2nd generation sulfonylureas (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications works by inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme responsible for degrading incretins, leading to increased insulin secretion and decreased blood glucose levels?

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications inhibit the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, therefore lowering blood glucose levels?

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (D) Signup and view all the answers