Mastering Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

Which process involves breaking down complex molecules like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into simpler compounds to release energy for cellular activities?

  • Anabolism
  • Catabolism (correct)
  • Synthesis
  • Metabolism

Which process synthesizes complex molecules from simpler compounds requiring energy input?

  • Breakdown
  • Metabolism
  • Catabolism
  • Anabolism (correct)

What is the main objective of the body's metabolism?

  • To maintain homeostasis (correct)
  • To store excess energy
  • To regulate hormones
  • To build and repair tissues

What factors regulate metabolism?

<p>Various factors including hormones, enzymes, and genetic factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can variations in metabolic rates affect?

<p>Weight management and energy levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main processes of metabolism?

<p>Catabolism and Synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of anabolism in metabolism?

<p>To synthesize complex molecules for growth and repair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is weight loss challenging according to the text?

<p>Due to starvation survival mechanisms built into DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for increasing hunger and cravings triggered by survival mechanisms?

<p>Ghrelin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to willpower and impulsivity when hunger increases?

<p>They decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with reward-seeking behavior due to heightened dopamine sensitivity?

<p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the experiment comparing anorexic women to healthy women, what did higher ghrelin levels correlate with?

<p>Immediate rewards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to previously obese people in terms of calorie burning and fat accumulation?

<p>They burn fewer calories and accumulate more fat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fat cells during weight loss?

<p>They shrink but remain primed to store more fat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates the replication of fat cell precursors that eventually become fat cells?

<p>Neuropeptide Y (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of losing lean muscle tissue during weight loss?

<p>Feeling physically weak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient is considered the most important for dieting and muscle building?

<p>Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a self-defense mechanism that can hinder long-term weight loss?

<p>Natural metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do our brains find salt, sugar, and fat delicious?

<p>They were scarce in prehistoric times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did a study with rats suggest about the addictive nature of sweet taste?

<p>Rats preferred sweeteners over cocaine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can high fructose corn syrup do to satiety and lead to?

<p>Reduce satiety and cause overeating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to leptin levels when you lose fat?

<p>Leptin levels decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to testosterone levels during extreme dieting phases?

<p>Testosterone levels drop by 70-to-80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to basal metabolic rate when thyroid activity lowers?

<p>Basal metabolic rate plummets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does metabolic adaptation have on non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?

<p>NEAT slows down (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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