Mastering Meninges and CSF in Veterinary Medicine

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Where does the spinal cord end in a dog?

Lumbosacral junction (correct)

Cranial cavity

Vertebral canal

Peripheral nerves

What is the peripheral nervous system comprised of?

Sensory system

Motor system

Brain plus spinal cord

Peripheral nerves (correct)

What are the membranes around the central nervous system called?

Cranial cavity

Meninges (correct)

CSF

Vertebral canal

What are the spaces created by the meninges called?

CSF Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Protection of the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Where does the production of CSF occur?

Cranial cavity Signup and view all the answers

What are the access points to the epidural and subarachnoid spaces?

Lumbosacral junction Signup and view all the answers

Why are the access points to the epidural and subarachnoid spaces preferred at the lumbosacral junction?

To avoid structures within the vertebral canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the cluster of spinal nerves that travel caudally within the vertebral canal called?

Cauda equina Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cluster of spinal nerves known as the cauda equina?

Because it looks like a horse tail Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is the outermost and thickest?

Dura mater Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges is intimately follows the brain's gyri and sulci?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is not considered a meninx (meningeal layer)?

Periosteum Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is attached to the dura and sends delicate trabeculae to the pia?

Arachnoid Signup and view all the answers

Where is the dura mater separated from the periosteum of the bony canal?

Vertebral canal Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is fused with the periosteum inside the cranial cavity?

Dura mater Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane is the region of some cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane called?

Subdural space Signup and view all the answers

What is the space that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) called?

Subarachnoid space Signup and view all the answers

What is the specialized tissue within the ventricles of the brain called?

Choroid plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the color and consistency of normal CSF?

Clear and odorless Signup and view all the answers

What does a cloudy appearance of CSF indicate?

Infection and/or inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Where is CSF formed from the blood plasma?

Choroid plexuses Signup and view all the answers

Which site is used for CSF collection in dogs?

Sacral cistern Signup and view all the answers

Which site is used for CSF collection in horses?

Atlantooccipital space Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of epidural anesthesia in obstetrics?

To prevent excessive straining Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided during epidural anesthesia to prevent complications?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves should be avoided during epidural anesthesia?

Femoral, obturator, and sciatic nerves Signup and view all the answers

Where is the atlantooccipital space located in horses?

Caudal to the poll, on the dorsal midline, at the level of the wings of the atlas Signup and view all the answers

Why is sedation needed for CSF collection in the lumbosacral space in horses?

To avoid the risk of recovery from general anesthesia Signup and view all the answers