30 Questions
Where does the spinal cord end in a dog?
Lumbosacral junction
What is the peripheral nervous system comprised of?
Peripheral nerves
What are the membranes around the central nervous system called?
Meninges
What are the spaces created by the meninges called?
CSF
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Protection of the brain and spinal cord
Where does the production of CSF occur?
Cranial cavity
What are the access points to the epidural and subarachnoid spaces?
Lumbosacral junction
Why are the access points to the epidural and subarachnoid spaces preferred at the lumbosacral junction?
To avoid structures within the vertebral canal
What is the cluster of spinal nerves that travel caudally within the vertebral canal called?
Cauda equina
Why is the cluster of spinal nerves known as the cauda equina?
Because it looks like a horse tail
Which layer of the meninges is the outermost and thickest?
Dura mater
Which layer of the meninges is intimately follows the brain's gyri and sulci?
Pia mater
Which membrane is not considered a meninx (meningeal layer)?
Periosteum
Which membrane is attached to the dura and sends delicate trabeculae to the pia?
Arachnoid
Where is the dura mater separated from the periosteum of the bony canal?
Vertebral canal
Which membrane is fused with the periosteum inside the cranial cavity?
Dura mater
Which membrane is the region of some cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production?
Pia mater
What is the potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane called?
Subdural space
What is the space that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) called?
Subarachnoid space
What is the specialized tissue within the ventricles of the brain called?
Choroid plexus
Which of the following best describes the color and consistency of normal CSF?
Clear and odorless
What does a cloudy appearance of CSF indicate?
Infection and/or inflammation
Where is CSF formed from the blood plasma?
Choroid plexuses
Which site is used for CSF collection in dogs?
Sacral cistern
Which site is used for CSF collection in horses?
Atlantooccipital space
What is the purpose of epidural anesthesia in obstetrics?
To prevent excessive straining
What should be avoided during epidural anesthesia to prevent complications?
All of the above
Which nerves should be avoided during epidural anesthesia?
Femoral, obturator, and sciatic nerves
Where is the atlantooccipital space located in horses?
Caudal to the poll, on the dorsal midline, at the level of the wings of the atlas
Why is sedation needed for CSF collection in the lumbosacral space in horses?
To avoid the risk of recovery from general anesthesia
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in veterinary medicine. Learn about the membranes surrounding the central nervous system, the production and circulation of CSF, and access points for procedures.
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