Mastering Mammary Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which type of mastitis is characterized by the presence of clinical signs such as short onset inflammation and pain in the mammary gland?

  • Chronic mastitis
  • Sub-clinical mastitis
  • Acute mastitis (correct)
  • Acute gangrenous mastitis
  • What is the main cause of agalactia in cows?

  • Early caesarean
  • Systemic infection
  • Inadequate mammary development (correct)
  • Failure of milk letdown
  • Which species commonly experiences mammary neoplasia?

  • Dogs (correct)
  • Rabbits
  • Horses
  • Cows
  • What is the TNM system used for in the classification and staging of mammary tumors?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for agalactia caused by failure of milk letdown in cows?

    <p>Administration of oxytocin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of mammary tumors in dogs are malignant?

    <p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of mammary gland enlargement in cows under progesterone?

    <p>Milk engorgement at weaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the T2 stage in the TNM system for mammary tumor classification and staging?

    <p>Tumor size between 3-5cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the N0 stage in the TNM system for mammary tumor classification and staging?

    <p>No metastasis in regional lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the M1 stage in the TNM system for mammary tumor classification and staging?

    <p>Distant metastasis detected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the clinical examination of the mammary gland?

    <p>Measurement of milk production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the California mastitis test?

    <p>To determine the somatic cell count of milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common mammary disorder?

    <p>Hyperkeratosis of the teat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal appearance of the mammary gland?

    <p>Covered by healthy skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of damage to the teat skin?

    <p>Hyperkeratosis of the teat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ultrasound examination of the mammary gland?

    <p>To assess the architecture of the gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the expression of milk in lactating animals?

    <p>To observe the color and odor of the milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common mammary disorder in the cow?

    <p>Neoplastic lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the California mastitis test indicate?

    <p>The somatic cell count of milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different types of mastitis in cows?

    <p>Sub-clinical mastitis, Clinical mastitis, Acute mastitis, Acute gangrenous mastitis, Chronic mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of mammary gland enlargement in cows?

    <p>Normal under progesterone, Milk engorgement at weaning, Mammary hyperplasia (e.g. hormonally induced in Queen with fibroepithelial hyperplasia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common occurrence in dogs when presenting with mammary neoplasia?

    <p>Metastasis is often already present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of malignant mammary tumors in dogs?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the TNM system used for in the classification and staging of mammary tumors?

    <p>Classification and staging of tumors based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of agalactia in cows?

    <p>Failure of milk production or failure of milk letdown due to inadequate oxytocin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different stages in the TNM system for mammary tumor classification and staging?

    <p>T: Primary tumor size (T1: less than 3cm, T2: 3-5cm, T3: Over 5cm), N: Regional lymph nodes (N0: No metastasis, N1: Metastasis identified), M: Distant metastasis (M0: No distant metastasis, M1: Distant metastasis detected)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential causes of agalactia in cows?

    <p>Early caesarean, Nervous dams where adrenaline blocks oxytocin release, Metritis, systemic infection, and mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of the clinical examination of the mammary gland?

    <p>Examination of the gland skin, palpation of the gland, examination of the teat and teat canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional tests can be used to assess mammary gland health?

    <p>California mastitis test, ultrasound examination, fine needle aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common mammary disorders related to the skin or mammary skin?

    <p>Damage of the udder suspensory apparatus, damage to the teat skin, hyperkeratosis of the teat, ski disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal appearance of a non-diseased mammary gland?

    <p>Normal non-diseased skin covered by healthy skin, appropriate size, maintained by the gland fibro suspensory system, even texture, single teat with non-diseased epithelium, expression of normal colored milk (or colostrum if shortly after birth)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the California mastitis test?

    <p>To indicate the somatic cell count of milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ultrasound examination of the mammary gland?

    <p>To observe the architecture of the gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fine needle aspiration test?

    <p>To collect cells for further examination or diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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