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Questions and Answers
Explain the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in instrumental conditioning.
Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
Describe Thorndike's Law of Effect and its significance in instrumental learning.
Thorndike's Law of Effect states that animals repeat actions that lead to a satisfying state of affairs. This law established the principle of reinforcement and paved the way for the development of instrumental conditioning.
What is the difference between a fixed ratio schedule and a variable ratio schedule in terms of reinforcement?
In a fixed ratio schedule, reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of responses, while in a variable ratio schedule, reinforcement is provided after a variable number of responses. Variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction than fixed ratio schedules.
Explain how extinction can be applied to instrumental conditioning.
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What is the required reading for further study of instrumental/operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement?
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Study Notes
- The presentation is about instrumental/operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement.
- Animal psychologists studied instrumental learning before Pavlov's work became known.
- Instrumental conditioning procedures include positive reinforcement, punishment, negative reinforcement, and omission training.
- Thorndike's Law of Effect states that animals repeat actions that lead to a satisfying state of affairs.
- Hull refined Thorndike's Law of Effect and stated that reinforcement is due to drive reduction.
- Extinction can be applied to instrumental conditioning.
- Different schedules of reinforcement lead to different patterns of response.
- Simple schedules include continuous reinforcement, fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval.
- Ratio schedules depend on the number of responses, while interval schedules depend on time intervals.
- The required reading is Pearce, chapter 4.
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Description
Test your knowledge on instrumental conditioning and schedules of reinforcement with this quiz! From positive reinforcement to extinction, this quiz covers the basics of animal psychology and behavior. Learn about Thorndike's Law of Effect and Hull's drive reduction theory, as well as the different schedules of reinforcement that lead to different response patterns. Whether you're a psychology student or just interested in learning more about animal behavior, this quiz is for you. Don't forget to brush up on Pearce's chapter 4 before you begin!
