Mastering Hypotension and Neurological Assessment
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a consideration when assessing trauma in pregnant women during the 1st trimester?

  • Rapid foetal weight gain (correct)
  • Increased bladder capacity
  • Decreased blood volume
  • Increased respiratory rate

    • Which of the following is a change in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy?

  • Decreased blood volume
  • Increased clotting factors (correct)
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Decreased heart rate

    • What is a consideration when assessing trauma in pediatric patients compared to adults?

  • Decreased metabolic demand when injured
  • Ability to maintain normal blood pressure despite blood loss
  • More significant internal organ damage (correct)
  • Decreased susceptibility to multiple injuries

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of children's neck anatomy that makes them more susceptible to cervical spine injury?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common injury in children's limbs?

    <p>Greenstick fractures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of capnography in medical assessment?

    <p>To analyze and record carbon dioxide concentrations in respiratory gases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of waveform capnography corresponds to the elimination of CO2 from the alveoli and usually has a slight increase in slope as 'slow' alveoli empty?

    <p>Phase III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a sudden spike in the waveform of waveform capnography indicate?

    <p>ROSC in cardiac arrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause a sudden decrease in EtCO2 to 0 in waveform capnography?

    <p>Dislodged tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of secondary brain injury?

    <p>Hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hematoma is characterized by arterial bleeding and can quickly evolve into herniation?

    <p>Epidural hematoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of cardiac tamponade?

    <p>Muffled heart sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of blunt cardiac injury?

    <p>Impact with steering wheel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a danger sign of a fracture/dislocation?

    <p>Pale skin or poor cap refill (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spinal cord injury is characterized by motor loss on one side of the body and sensory loss on the opposite side?

    <p>Brown Sequard Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spinal cord injury is characterized by damage to the cervical cord resulting in lower limb function only and altered trunk sensation?

    <p>Central Cord Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spinal cord injury is characterized by preservation of position, vibration, and touch due to sparing of the posterior column?

    <p>Anterior Artery Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a common finding in a conscious patient with tension pneumothorax?

    <p>Venous distention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for immediate chest decompression in the presence of traumatic chest injury?

    <p>Decreased GCS on O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended insertion site for chest decompression?

    <p>Down the sternum and locate the angle of Louis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct management for an amputated body part?

    <p>Place the part in a plastic bag and seal it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of splinting?

    <p>To immobilize the injured body part (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of a joint injury, when should joint injuries be realigned?

    <p>If there is no distal pulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with an avulsion injury?

    <p>Place the tissue back in its normal location if possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of resuscitation in burns management?

    <p>To increase perfusion and prevent irreversible damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which burn zone occurs at the point of maximum damage?

    <p>Coagulation (necrosis) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the outermost burn zone?

    <p>Tissue perfusion is increased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of burn on capillary permeability?

    <p>Capillary permeability is increased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is splinting appropriate for a fracture?

    <p>After conducting a neuro and circulatory check (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trimester of pregnancy is characterized by rapid development of the embryo/foetus and containment in the pelvis?

    <p>1st trimester (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiovascular change occurs during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased clotting factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of relaxin release during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of dislocations and subluxations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of pediatric neck anatomy that makes them more susceptible to cervical spine injury?

    <p>Larger head size and weight compared to neck and trunk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of shock?

    <p>External/internal blood loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of capnography in medical assessment?

    <p>Continuous analysis and recording of carbon dioxide concentrations in respiratory gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Drowsiness and confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of secondary brain injury?

    <p>Hypoxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of cardiac tamponade?

    <p>Pulsus paradoxus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capnometry relies on a pH change and changes color from purple to brown to yellow?

    <p>Semi-quantitative capnometry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the shape of the waveform in waveform capnography provide clues about?

    <p>Ventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of waveform capnography does the elimination of CO2 from the alveoli occur?

    <p>Phase III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanism of spinal cord injury?

    <p>Hyperextension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of spinal cord injury is characterized by no motor or sensory function below the level of injury?

    <p>Central Cord Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of secondary tissue degeneration in spinal cord injury?

    <p>Cell toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical feature of a fracture?

    <p>Muffled heart sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of cardiac tamponade?

    <p>Fracture of the pelvis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of splinting a fracture?

    <p>To realign the bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common finding in an unconscious ventilated patient with tension pneumothorax?

    <p>Decreased air entry on affected side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended size of a cannula for chest decompression?

    <p>16g: 3cm long (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for immediate chest decompression in the presence of traumatic chest injury?

    <p>Decreased GCS on O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct management for an amputated body part?

    <p>Place the part in a plastic bag and seal it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of splinting?

    <p>To immobilize the injured body part (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with an avulsion injury?

    <p>Leave the tissue in its normal location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of resuscitation in burns management?

    <p>To increase tissue perfusion and prevent irreversible damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the outermost burn zone?

    <p>Tissue perfusion is increased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general principles of splinting?

    <p>Immobilize dislocations or fractures involving joints in position of comfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the burn types?

    <p>Thermal, chemical, and electrical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the point of maximum damage in a burn?

    <p>Coagulation (necrosis) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of burn on capillary permeability?

    <p>Capillary permeability is increased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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