Mastering Hypertension Treatment

i. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) ii. Diuretics iii. Calcium channel blockers iv. b1-adrenoceptor antagonists

Clinic BP and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) or home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) average day time

Persistent dry cough, dizziness, tiredness, headaches

<p>Dizziness, tiredness, headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flushes, headaches, ankle edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizziness, headaches, back/leg pain, hyperkalemia, renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizziness, tiredness, headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of angioedema (Afro-Caribbean), teratogenic, risk of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gout, renal impairment, hyperkalemia, impotence, teratogenic, ineffective in moderate to severe renal impairment, oestrogen related side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the stepped pharmacological management of hypertension, to understand the mechanism and action of ACE inhibitors and ARBs, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and b1-adrenoceptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase cardiac contractility and reduce preload and/or afterload in order to decrease cardiac work demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The paradoxical use of beta blockers is beneficial in heart failure as they reduce heart rate and improve myocardial function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system block the production or action of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, and aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digoxin increases myocardial contractility by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, leading to increased intracellular calcium concentration and enhanced contractility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One non-pharmacological treatment option for heart failure is lifestyle modifications, including exercise and diet changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step 1 = Diuretic if fluid retention, Step 2 = ACE Inhibitor or ARB, Step 3 = Beta-Blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolyte disturbances, hypotension, renal impairment, hypovolaemia, nocturia, acute gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce salt and water retention, reduce vasoconstriction, reduce vascular resistance, reduce afterload, improve tissue perfusion, reduce ventricular remodeling and hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow the ventricle to fill more completely during diastole, reduce renin release by the kidney, and can increase renal perfusion at low doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strategies for treatment of chronic and acute heart failure, the paradoxical use of beta-blockers, drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the mechanism of action and uses of digoxin and inotropes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breathlessness (particularly on feeding or exertion), Sweating, Poor feeding, Recurrent chest infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor weight gain or faltering growth, Tachypnoea, Tachycardia, Heart murmur, gallop rhythm, Enlarged heart, Hepatomegaly, Cool peripheries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One-third.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the musculoskeletal system or associated with a specific syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foetal circulation has a patent ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, while adult circulation does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital heart defects (CHDs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With a variety of symptoms, such as breathlessness, poor feeding, and recurrent chest infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers