Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a strategy for the treatment of chronic heart failure?
Which of the following is a strategy for the treatment of chronic heart failure?
Which of the following is NOT a main drug used in chronic heart failure (HFrEF)?
Which of the following is NOT a main drug used in chronic heart failure (HFrEF)?
What is the aim of treatment for heart failure?
What is the aim of treatment for heart failure?
Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that can impact heart failure?
Which of the following is a lifestyle factor that can impact heart failure?
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What is the mechanism of action of digoxin?
What is the mechanism of action of digoxin?
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Which of the following is a non-pharmacological treatment for heart failure?
Which of the following is a non-pharmacological treatment for heart failure?
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What is the main aim of using beta blockers in heart failure treatment?
What is the main aim of using beta blockers in heart failure treatment?
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Which of the following drugs inhibits the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
Which of the following drugs inhibits the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
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What is the term for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
What is the term for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
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What are the main drugs used in the treatment of chronic heart failure?
What are the main drugs used in the treatment of chronic heart failure?
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Which class of medications is recommended as step 1 treatment for chronic heart failure?
Which class of medications is recommended as step 1 treatment for chronic heart failure?
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Which class of medications is recommended as step 2 treatment for chronic heart failure?
Which class of medications is recommended as step 2 treatment for chronic heart failure?
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Which class of medications is recommended as step 3 treatment for chronic heart failure?
Which class of medications is recommended as step 3 treatment for chronic heart failure?
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Which class of medications is recommended as step 4 treatment for chronic heart failure?
Which class of medications is recommended as step 4 treatment for chronic heart failure?
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Which class of medications is known to cause electrolyte disturbances, hypotension, and renal impairment as common side effects?
Which class of medications is known to cause electrolyte disturbances, hypotension, and renal impairment as common side effects?
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Which class of medications is associated with a persistent dry cough and rare but serious angioedema as side effects?
Which class of medications is associated with a persistent dry cough and rare but serious angioedema as side effects?
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Which class of medications is recommended for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction but stable NYHA class II-IV?
Which class of medications is recommended for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction but stable NYHA class II-IV?
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Which class of medications can cause vasodilation through blockage of alpha-receptors and reduce renin release by the kidney?
Which class of medications can cause vasodilation through blockage of alpha-receptors and reduce renin release by the kidney?
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Which class of medications is less effective in African or Caribbean ethnicity and may require additional therapy with hydralazine and nitrate?
Which class of medications is less effective in African or Caribbean ethnicity and may require additional therapy with hydralazine and nitrate?
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Which class of medications is recommended for heart failure patients with severe HF, current exacerbation of HF, heart block or bradycardia, persisting signs of fluid overload, or low blood pressure?
Which class of medications is recommended for heart failure patients with severe HF, current exacerbation of HF, heart block or bradycardia, persisting signs of fluid overload, or low blood pressure?
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Which of the following is a common cause of sudden ischaemia resulting in cardiac infarction?
Which of the following is a common cause of sudden ischaemia resulting in cardiac infarction?
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What is the characteristic distribution of pain in angina pectoris?
What is the characteristic distribution of pain in angina pectoris?
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Which of the following can cause angina pectoris?
Which of the following can cause angina pectoris?
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What is the term for chest pain due to inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart?
What is the term for chest pain due to inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart?
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Which of the following can result in cell death and dysrhythmias due to cellular calcium overload?
Which of the following can result in cell death and dysrhythmias due to cellular calcium overload?
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What can shrink the window for coronary blood flow through the left ventricle?
What can shrink the window for coronary blood flow through the left ventricle?
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Which class of medications is commonly used to prevent opening of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels and mainly affects the heart and smooth muscle to inhibit calcium entry upon muscle cell depolarization?
Which class of medications is commonly used to prevent opening of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels and mainly affects the heart and smooth muscle to inhibit calcium entry upon muscle cell depolarization?
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Which class of medications is used to reduce the metabolic demand of the muscle and can slow down the heart?
Which class of medications is used to reduce the metabolic demand of the muscle and can slow down the heart?
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Which class of medications is primarily responsible for dilating constricted coronary vessels, improving distribution of coronary blood flow towards ischemic areas, and is particularly beneficial in variant angina?
Which class of medications is primarily responsible for dilating constricted coronary vessels, improving distribution of coronary blood flow towards ischemic areas, and is particularly beneficial in variant angina?
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Which class of medications is recommended as the first-line treatment for stable angina, but a calcium channel blocker (CCB) can be considered if control by beta-blockers is not optimal?
Which class of medications is recommended as the first-line treatment for stable angina, but a calcium channel blocker (CCB) can be considered if control by beta-blockers is not optimal?
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Which class of medications is commonly used in the prevention and treatment of stable and unstable angina, and reduces cardiac oxygen consumption by slowing the heart?
Which class of medications is commonly used in the prevention and treatment of stable and unstable angina, and reduces cardiac oxygen consumption by slowing the heart?
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Which class of medications is known for their powerful vasodilator effects, works by being metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), and acts on veins to reduce cardiac preload?
Which class of medications is known for their powerful vasodilator effects, works by being metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), and acts on veins to reduce cardiac preload?
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Which calcium channel blocker is contraindicated in patients with heart failure, bradycardia, AV block, or in the presence of a Beta-Blocker?
Which calcium channel blocker is contraindicated in patients with heart failure, bradycardia, AV block, or in the presence of a Beta-Blocker?
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Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used as an antidysrhythmic and can slow ventricular rate in rapid atrial fibrillation?
Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used as an antidysrhythmic and can slow ventricular rate in rapid atrial fibrillation?
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Which potassium channel activator combines activation of potassium K+ATP channels with nitrovasodilator actions?
Which potassium channel activator combines activation of potassium K+ATP channels with nitrovasodilator actions?
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Which potassium channel activator is used for patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal management with other drugs, and can cause headaches, flushing, and dizziness?
Which potassium channel activator is used for patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal management with other drugs, and can cause headaches, flushing, and dizziness?
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Which drug inhibits funny “f”-type channels in the heart and reduces cardiac pacemaker activity?
Which drug inhibits funny “f”-type channels in the heart and reduces cardiac pacemaker activity?
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Which drug is a unique anti-anginal used as a last resort?
Which drug is a unique anti-anginal used as a last resort?
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Which calcium channel blocker is safe to use in patients with heart failure and can be used instead of a Beta-Blocker in Prinzmetal angina or alongside beta-blockers in most angina?
Which calcium channel blocker is safe to use in patients with heart failure and can be used instead of a Beta-Blocker in Prinzmetal angina or alongside beta-blockers in most angina?
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Which calcium channel blocker has a vasodilator effect mainly on resistance vessels, reduces afterload, and dilates coronary vessels (important in variant angina)?
Which calcium channel blocker has a vasodilator effect mainly on resistance vessels, reduces afterload, and dilates coronary vessels (important in variant angina)?
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What are the indications for intravenous therapy?
What are the indications for intravenous therapy?
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What are the disadvantages of intravenous administration?
What are the disadvantages of intravenous administration?
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What are the types of intravascular devices (IVDs)?
What are the types of intravascular devices (IVDs)?
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What is the purpose of safe administration of intravenous drugs?
What is the purpose of safe administration of intravenous drugs?
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What are the reasons for using intravenous therapy?
What are the reasons for using intravenous therapy?
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What is the main advantage of intravenous drug administration?
What is the main advantage of intravenous drug administration?
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What are the risks associated with intravenous therapy?
What are the risks associated with intravenous therapy?
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What are the pharmacokinetic parameters that can affect the plasma concentration of IV drugs?
What are the pharmacokinetic parameters that can affect the plasma concentration of IV drugs?
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When should the oral route be used instead of intravenous administration?
When should the oral route be used instead of intravenous administration?
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What is a potential advantage of intravenous therapy?
What is a potential advantage of intravenous therapy?
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What is the purpose of continuous infusion for intravenous medications?
What is the purpose of continuous infusion for intravenous medications?
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What is the main advantage of intermittent infusion for intravenous medications?
What is the main advantage of intermittent infusion for intravenous medications?
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What are the hazards and complications associated with intravenous therapy?
What are the hazards and complications associated with intravenous therapy?
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What is the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score (VIPS) used for?
What is the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score (VIPS) used for?
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How can the incidence of Red man syndrome be reduced during vancomycin infusion?
How can the incidence of Red man syndrome be reduced during vancomycin infusion?
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What is the bioavailability of a drug when administered through intravenous injection?
What is the bioavailability of a drug when administered through intravenous injection?
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How does the plasma drug concentration change during intravenous infusion without drug elimination?
How does the plasma drug concentration change during intravenous infusion without drug elimination?
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What happens to the plasma drug concentration during intravenous infusion when drug elimination occurs?
What happens to the plasma drug concentration during intravenous infusion when drug elimination occurs?
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What is the term for the point at which the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug output during intravenous infusion?
What is the term for the point at which the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug output during intravenous infusion?
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What is clearance (CL) in the context of intravenous drug administration?
What is clearance (CL) in the context of intravenous drug administration?
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