Mastering Graham's Law

Gas particles are constantly moving in random, rapid motion.

Diffusion is the movement of one substance through another.

The two processes explained by Graham's Law are diffusion and effusion.

Graham's Law can be used to solve problems by comparing the rates of diffusion or effusion of different gases.

The smell of chocolate chip cookies spreads out from a bakery because the cookie smell molecules are constantly moving randomly and rapidly.

The chemistry word for the movement of one substance through another is diffusion.

Diffusion is the process by which gas particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Effusion is the process by which gas particles escape through small holes in a container.

Diffusion causes the smell of cookies to spread by allowing the cookie smell particles to move from an area of high concentration (the cookies) to an area of low concentration (the surrounding air).

The balloon Johnny was holding became smaller because the helium gas particles inside the balloon effused through small holes in the balloon's walls.

Graham's Law of effusion states that the rates of effusion of two gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses.

'Inversely proportional' means that as one value increases, the other value decreases, and vice versa.

Graham's Law of effusion can be used to compare the rates of effusion of two gases by comparing the square roots of their molar masses. The gas with the smaller molar mass will have a higher rate of effusion.

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Effusion and diffusion are both processes involving the movement of gas particles. Diffusion refers to the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration, while effusion specifically refers to the escape of gas particles through small holes in a container.

The phenomenon called effusion caused Johnny's balloon to lose some of its helium. The small helium atoms were able to escape through microscopic holes in the balloon, making it smaller and more dense, which caused it to sink.

Graham's Law states that the effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass. Lighter gas molecules will travel faster than heavier gas molecules, assuming temperature and pressure remain constant.

Graham's Law is used by comparing the ratio of the rates (or speeds) of gas A over gas B. The ratio is equal to the square root of the mass of gas B over the mass of gas A.

Using Graham's Law, we can calculate that the effusion rate of hydrogen molecules would be 12 mol/s. The ratio of the rate of hydrogen over oxygen is equal to the square root of the mass of oxygen over the mass of hydrogen.

Graham's Law provides a formula for calculating the rate of effusion in many situations. It is also a useful approximation for comparing the rates of diffusion of two gases.