Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following colors on a DNA microarray indicates that a gene is not expressed?
Which of the following colors on a DNA microarray indicates that a gene is not expressed?
- Black (correct)
- Red
- Green
- Yellow
Which of the following is NOT a type of regulatory protein that binds to DNA?
Which of the following is NOT a type of regulatory protein that binds to DNA?
- Repressor proteins
- Activator proteins
- Leucine zipper
- Homeodomains (correct)
What type of regulation occurs when an activator protein binds to DNA to stimulate transcription?
What type of regulation occurs when an activator protein binds to DNA to stimulate transcription?
- Positive regulation (correct)
- Silencing
- Negative regulation
- Repression
What type of regulation occurs when a repressor protein binds to DNA to prevent transcription?
What type of regulation occurs when a repressor protein binds to DNA to prevent transcription?
What is the function of transcriptional regulators?
What is the function of transcriptional regulators?
Which of the following structural polypeptide domains is found in most transcription regulators?
Which of the following structural polypeptide domains is found in most transcription regulators?
In bacterial gene expression, what happens if the concentration of tryptophan is low?
In bacterial gene expression, what happens if the concentration of tryptophan is low?
In eukaryotic gene activation, how do activator proteins bind to the transcription complex?
In eukaryotic gene activation, how do activator proteins bind to the transcription complex?
What type of regulation occurs when histone modifying enzymes and chromatin-remodeling complexes are recruited to the promoter region?
What type of regulation occurs when histone modifying enzymes and chromatin-remodeling complexes are recruited to the promoter region?
What does the intensity of red or green binding to a spot on a DNA microarray indicate?
What does the intensity of red or green binding to a spot on a DNA microarray indicate?
Which of the following statements is true about gene expression in human cells?
Which of the following statements is true about gene expression in human cells?
What is the most common control point for gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
What is the most common control point for gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about differentiated cells?
Which of the following is true about differentiated cells?
How do scientists determine which genes are expressed in certain conditions?
How do scientists determine which genes are expressed in certain conditions?
What does a DNA chip (microarray) contain?
What does a DNA chip (microarray) contain?
What does the intensity of red or green binding to a spot on a DNA chip indicate?
What does the intensity of red or green binding to a spot on a DNA chip indicate?
What does a yellow spot on a DNA chip indicate?
What does a yellow spot on a DNA chip indicate?
What do blank spots on a DNA chip indicate?
What do blank spots on a DNA chip indicate?
How do yeast cells change the genes they express in response to different carbon sources?
How do yeast cells change the genes they express in response to different carbon sources?
What genes do yeast cells express when grown in glucose and ethanol conditions?
What genes do yeast cells express when grown in glucose and ethanol conditions?
Which of the following is a mechanism for regulating eukaryotic gene expression after transcription?
Which of the following is a mechanism for regulating eukaryotic gene expression after transcription?
What is the function of histone acetyltransferases in chromatin remodeling?
What is the function of histone acetyltransferases in chromatin remodeling?
What is the role of microRNAs in gene expression regulation?
What is the role of microRNAs in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of the iron regulatory protein (IRP) in mRNA translation regulation?
What is the function of the iron regulatory protein (IRP) in mRNA translation regulation?
Which of the following is NOT a control mechanism for eukaryotic gene expression?
Which of the following is NOT a control mechanism for eukaryotic gene expression?
What is the function of ubiquitin in protein degradation?
What is the function of ubiquitin in protein degradation?
What is the role of activator proteins in gene expression regulation?
What is the role of activator proteins in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in gene expression regulation?
What is the effect of adding acetyl groups to histone tails in chromatin remodeling?
What is the effect of adding acetyl groups to histone tails in chromatin remodeling?
How do microRNAs regulate gene expression?
How do microRNAs regulate gene expression?
Which of the following is true about the energetic cost of translation in cells?
Which of the following is true about the energetic cost of translation in cells?
What is the relationship between genes and proteins?
What is the relationship between genes and proteins?
What is gene expression?
What is gene expression?
What is the function of mRNA in the process of gene expression?
What is the function of mRNA in the process of gene expression?
What is the role of RNA in gene expression?
What is the role of RNA in gene expression?
What is the function of activator proteins in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of activator proteins in gene expression regulation?
Which of the following is true about the genetic code and translation?
Which of the following is true about the genetic code and translation?
What is the reason for the redundancy in the genetic code?
What is the reason for the redundancy in the genetic code?
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the role of the initiation factors in protein synthesis?
What is the role of the initiation factors in protein synthesis?
What are the three steps of translation?
What are the three steps of translation?
Which of the following molecules is responsible for structural support and catalyzing amino acid covalent linkage?
Which of the following molecules is responsible for structural support and catalyzing amino acid covalent linkage?
What is the approximate composition of a ribosome?
What is the approximate composition of a ribosome?
What is the function of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the processing of pre-rRNA?
What is the function of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the processing of pre-rRNA?
What is the most abundant type of RNA in cells?
What is the most abundant type of RNA in cells?
What is the function of transfer RNAs (tRNA)?
What is the function of transfer RNAs (tRNA)?
What is the function of messenger RNAs (mRNA)?
What is the function of messenger RNAs (mRNA)?
Which of the following is true about termination in mRNA translation?
Which of the following is true about termination in mRNA translation?
What can cause early termination in translation?
What can cause early termination in translation?
What is the process of selective destruction of mRNA with premature termination codons called?
What is the process of selective destruction of mRNA with premature termination codons called?
What remains on mRNA when premature termination occurs?
What remains on mRNA when premature termination occurs?
How do some antibiotics work in relation to translation?
How do some antibiotics work in relation to translation?
What does the presence of polyribosomes indicate?
What does the presence of polyribosomes indicate?
Which of the following is true about transcription in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about transcription in eukaryotic cells?
What is the role of transcription factors in transcription?
What is the role of transcription factors in transcription?
Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and transcription?
Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and transcription?
What is the function of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene expression regulation?
What is the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene expression regulation?
Which molecule is required for the initiation step of translation?
Which molecule is required for the initiation step of translation?
What is the energetic cost of translation in cells?
What is the energetic cost of translation in cells?
What is the function of mRNA in gene expression?
What is the function of mRNA in gene expression?
What is the role of microRNAs in gene expression regulation?
What is the role of microRNAs in gene expression regulation?
What is the approximate composition of a ribosome?
What is the approximate composition of a ribosome?
What is the role of the iron regulatory protein (IRP) in mRNA translation regulation?
What is the role of the iron regulatory protein (IRP) in mRNA translation regulation?
Which of the following is true about ribosomes in cells?
Which of the following is true about ribosomes in cells?
What is the function of snoRNAs in the processing of pre-rRNA?
What is the function of snoRNAs in the processing of pre-rRNA?
Which type of RNA is most abundant in cells?
Which type of RNA is most abundant in cells?
What is the approximate composition of a prokaryotic ribosome?
What is the approximate composition of a prokaryotic ribosome?
What is the function of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of a RNAP-II subunit?
What is the function of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of a RNAP-II subunit?
What is the role of spliceosomes in mRNA splicing?
What is the role of spliceosomes in mRNA splicing?
Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA synthesized during transcription in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA synthesized during transcription in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about the template strand during transcription?
Which of the following is true about the template strand during transcription?
What is the function of transcription factors in transcription?
What is the function of transcription factors in transcription?
Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and transcription?
Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and transcription?
Which of the following is true about gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about gene expression in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is true about the genetic code?
Which of the following is true about the genetic code?
What is the reason for the redundancy in the genetic code?
What is the reason for the redundancy in the genetic code?
What is the role of tRNAs in translation?
What is the role of tRNAs in translation?
What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the function of eIF2 in protein synthesis initiation?
What is the function of eIF2 in protein synthesis initiation?
What is the function of eEF2 in protein synthesis elongation?
What is the function of eEF2 in protein synthesis elongation?
Which of the following is true about termination in mRNA translation?
Which of the following is true about termination in mRNA translation?
What can cause early termination in translation?
What can cause early termination in translation?
What is the function of the exon-junction complex (EJC) in mRNA translation?
What is the function of the exon-junction complex (EJC) in mRNA translation?
What does the presence of polyribosomes indicate?
What does the presence of polyribosomes indicate?
How do some antibiotics work in translation?
How do some antibiotics work in translation?
What is the role of nonsense-mediated decay in mRNA regulation?
What is the role of nonsense-mediated decay in mRNA regulation?
Study Notes
DNA Microarray and Gene Expression
- Green color on a DNA microarray indicates that a gene is expressed, while red color indicates that it is not expressed.
- A yellow spot on a DNA microarray indicates that the gene is equally expressed in both samples.
Transcriptional Regulation
- Activator proteins bind to DNA to stimulate transcription, resulting in positive regulation.
- Repressor proteins bind to DNA to prevent transcription, resulting in negative regulation.
- Transcriptional regulators are proteins that bind to DNA to control gene expression.
- Most transcription regulators have a structural polypeptide domain called a DNA-binding domain.
Bacterial Gene Expression
- When the concentration of tryptophan is low, the operon is turned on, allowing the expression of genes necessary for tryptophan synthesis.
Eukaryotic Gene Expression
- Activator proteins bind to the transcription complex, stimulating transcription.
- Histone modifying enzymes and chromatin-remodeling complexes are recruited to the promoter region, allowing gene expression.
- The most common control point for gene expression in eukaryotic cells is transcriptional regulation.
Gene Expression Regulation
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing its translation.
- The iron regulatory protein (IRP) regulates mRNA translation by binding to iron response elements (IREs) in mRNA.
Translation Regulation
- RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) regulates gene expression by degrading mRNA.
- Ubiquitin is involved in protein degradation, which can regulate gene expression.
Ribosome and Translation
- Ribosomes are composed of 60% RNA and 40% protein.
- The three steps of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination.
- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is involved in the initiation step of translation.
- Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) bring amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
- Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
Gene Expression in Eukaryotic Cells
- Gene expression is the process of creating a functional product from a gene, such as a protein or RNA.
- Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modification.
- Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are involved in the processing of pre-mRNA.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA and preventing its translation.
- The iron regulatory protein (IRP) regulates mRNA translation by binding to IREs in mRNA.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Explore how cells regulate gene expression, from DNA to RNA to protein. Learn about the different mechanisms and steps involved in controlling gene expression.
