Mastering Experimental Research
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes an independent variable in an experimental research design?

  • A variable whose value is controlled by the participants
  • A variable whose value is determined by the experimenter (correct)
  • A variable whose value is observed and measured in the experiment
  • A variable whose value depends on the level of the dependent variable

    • In an experimental research design, what is the purpose of manipulating an independent variable?

  • To expose subjects to different values or levels of the variable (correct)
  • To control extraneous variables
  • To observe and measure the value of the variable
  • To establish a causal relationship

    • What is a dependent variable in an experimental research design?

  • A variable whose value is determined by the experimenter
  • A variable whose value you observe and measure in the experiment (correct)
  • A variable whose value depends on the level of the independent variable
  • A variable whose value is controlled by the participants

    • What is the purpose of having an experimental group in an experiment?

    <p>Subjects receive the experimental treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having a control group in an experiment?

    <p>Subjects do not receive the experimental treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best way to control extraneous variables in an experiment?

    <p>Holding them constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the situation when two or more variables combine in such a way that their effects cannot be separated?

    <p>Confounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about confounding variables and internal validity?

    <p>Confounding variables may or may not affect internal validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the unwanted variable causing confounding?

    <p>Confounding variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it possible to eliminate all confounding variables in an experiment?

    <p>No, it is not possible to eliminate all confounding variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best way to control extraneous variables in an experiment?

    <p>Holding them constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the unwanted variable causing confounding?

    <p>Confounding variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having an experimental group in an experiment?

    <p>To manipulate the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it possible to eliminate all confounding variables in an experiment?

    <p>No, it is not possible to eliminate all confounding variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about confounding variables and internal validity?

    <p>The impact of confounding variables on internal validity depends on their effects and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about observational studies?

    <p>The data collector is the one using the data for analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an observational study and a designed experiment?

    <p>In a designed experiment, there is direct control over which items receive the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of research studies?

    <p>To apply results obtained from a sample to the larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a random sample?

    <p>A sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nonrandom sample?

    <p>A sample in which every member of the population does not have an equal chance of being chosen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Independent and Dependent Variables

    • Independent variable: The factor manipulated by researchers to observe its effect on a dependent variable.
    • Purpose of manipulating the independent variable: To establish causation by determining how changes influence outcomes measured in the dependent variable.
    • Dependent variable: The outcome measured in an experiment that is expected to change due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

    Experimental and Control Groups

    • Experimental group: Receives treatment or manipulation; used to observe effects of the independent variable.
    • Control group: Does not receive treatment; provides a baseline for comparison to assess the effects of the independent variable on the experimental group.

    Extraneous Variables and Confounding

    • Best way to control extraneous variables: Randomization, which helps distribute variables evenly across groups.
    • Term for combined effect of variables that cannot be separated: Confounding; occurs when influences from multiple variables overlap.
    • Confounding variables can threaten internal validity, as they may provide alternative explanations for observed results.
    • Unwanted variable causing confounding: Confounding variable.
    • Eliminating all confounding variables is impossible; the goal is to minimize their influence as much as possible.

    Observational Studies

    • True about observational studies: Researchers observe subjects in their natural environment without manipulation.
    • Primary difference between observational study and designed experiment: In an experiment, the independent variable is actively manipulated, whereas in observational studies, researchers simply observe outcomes based on existing conditions.

    Research Studies Goals and Sampling

    • Goal of research studies: To discover relationships, make predictions, or test hypotheses to contribute to knowledge.
    • Random sample: A subset of the population where every individual has an equal chance of being selected, ensuring representativeness.
    • Nonrandom sample: A subset where selection is based on subjective criteria, potentially leading to bias and non-representative results.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on experimental research with this quiz! Learn about the two main features of manipulating independent variables and controlling extraneous variables. Challenge yourself with questions on experimental design and conditions associated with different levels of variables.

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