Mastering Drug Administration

Which opioid medication was developed by Purdue Pharma and led to a rapid rise in overdose deaths?

Oxycontin

Which of the following variables is NOT a factor in determining the addictiveness of a drug?

Rate of clearance from the body

What was the main reason for the development of Oxycontin 2.0?

To make it less addictive

According to the text, why is a faster rate of onset more addicting?

Because it causes a stronger association between the drug and feeling better Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid medication is 1000 times more potent than morphine?

Sufentanyl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the contrast phenomenon is NOT true?

The contrast phenomenon is more noticeable with a slower rate of onset Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is the fastest way to get a drug into the blood?

Intravenous (IV) Injection Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is derived from the poppy plant and is regarded as 'natural'?

Heroin Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid is approximately 1.5 to 2 times more potent than morphine?

Oxycodone Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid is approximately 5 times more potent than morphine?

Hydromorphone Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid is approximately 100 to 150 times more potent than morphine?

Fentanyl Signup and view all the answers

Which method of administration of cocaine has a slope of onset that is just as steep as the intravenous method, but only initially?

Inhalation method Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of analgesia?

The relief of pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the therapeutic index (TI)?

TI = LD50 / ED50 Signup and view all the answers

Which effect of morphine develops tolerance at the slowest rate?

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the effects of heroin addiction on dopamine receptors?

Heroin addiction causes a decrease in dopamine receptors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between early addiction and late addiction?

Early addiction is motivated by positive reinforcement, while late addiction is motivated by negative reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of excitotoxicity?

The toxicity or damage caused by over-excitation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about agonists and antagonists?

Agonists increase synaptic activity, while antagonists decrease synaptic activity. Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration allows a drug to bypass the stomach and enter the bloodstream directly, without having to be metabolized by the digestive system?

Sublingual Administration Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration involves the administration of a drug into the rectum?

Intrarectal Administration Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is commonly used in administering vaccines and other general medications such as antibacterial shots through the gluteus maximus and the deltoids?

Intramuscular (IM) Injection Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is the most specific route of drug administration into the brain, but is only used for animal research purposes due to its extremely invasive nature?

Intracerebral Administration Signup and view all the answers