60 Questions
Which part of a language processor is responsible for syntax analysis?
The parser
Based on the text, what does BNF stand for?
Backus-Naur Form
What are the advantages of using BNF to describe syntax?
It provides a clear and concise syntax description
Why is it beneficial to separate lexical and syntax analysis?
To ensure portability of the parser
What is the main purpose of a lexical analyzer?
To generate tokens from lexemes
What is a lexeme in the context of lexical analysis?
A substring of the source program
What does a lexical analyzer transform?
Characters into tokens
Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?
A DFSA can have at most one outgoing arc from a state for each input symbol.
What is the purpose of the state transition function in a Finite State Automaton?
To label the arcs in the state diagram.
Which of the following is an example of a valid regular expression?
(a+b)*c
What is the purpose of using character classes in a state diagram?
To combine transitions and simplify the state diagram.
What is the role of look-ahead in tokenizing a language?
To recognize patterns that are not part of the current token.
How are conflicts between tokens with proper substrings resolved in lexical analysis?
By considering the longest match as the correct token.
What is the purpose of implementing a push-back mechanism in tokenization?
To handle conflicts between tokens with proper substrings.
Which of the following is NOT one of the approaches to building a lexical analyzer?
Write a program that directly implements the tokens without using any formal description or state diagram
Which of the following statements about regular grammars is true?
Regular grammars are useful in expressing and recognizing tokens
Which of the following is an example of a regular expression metacharacter?
.
Which of the following regular expressions matches a floating point number?
[0-9]*.[0-9]+
Which of the following statements about regular expression matching is true?
There are libraries that compile regular expressions and use them to match strings
Which of the following is an example of a finite state automaton (FSA)?
A program that implements a state diagram
What is the purpose of the start state in a finite state automaton?
To represent the set of all possible tokens
Which function is used to get the next character of input, determine its class, and put it in nextChar?
getChar()
What is the purpose of the lex() function?
To read a token at a time and match as you read the tokens
What is the purpose of the addChar() function?
To add the character from nextChar into the place where the lexeme is being accumulated
What does the int lexLen variable represent in the code?
The length of the lexeme
What does the int token variable represent in the code?
The token type
What does the int nextToken variable represent in the code?
The next token type
What is the purpose of the getNonBlank() function?
To skip over all the blank spaces
What is the purpose of the lookup() function?
To determine whether the string in lexeme is a reserved word
What does the define UNKNOWN 99 represent in the code?
An unknown character class
Which of the following is a characteristic of grammars that disallows top-down parsing?
Pairwise disjointness
What is the purpose of left factoring in parsing?
To determine the correct right-hand side of a rule
What does the pairwise disjointness test check for in grammars?
Pairwise disjointness
What is the purpose of the LL Grammar Class in parsing?
To modify a grammar
Which of the following is a characteristic of a top-down parser?
It produces the parse tree in a leftmost derivation order.
What is the purpose of a bottom-up parser?
To produce the parse tree in a rightmost derivation order.
Which of the following is a characteristic of terminal symbols in a grammar?
They are lowercase letters at the beginning of the alphabet.
What is the purpose of the lexeme in lexical analysis?
To add the character from nextChar into the lexeme being accumulated.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three approaches to building a lexical analyzer?
Use a regular expression to automatically generate a lexical analyzer
Which of the following is NOT a metacharacter in regular expressions?
M
What is the purpose of the start state in a finite state automaton (FSA)?
To represent the set of all possible tokens
Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?
It can have non-deterministic behavior
Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?
A DFSA can have at most one outgoing arc from a state for each input symbol.
What is the purpose of the lookup() function in lexical analysis?
To determine if a possible identifier is a reserved word.
What is the role of look-ahead in tokenizing a language?
To determine if a token has ended without looking at further characters.
What does a lexical analyzer transform?
Regular expressions into finite state automata.
Which of the following is NOT one of the most common top-down parsing algorithms?
EBNF
What is the purpose of the term() function in recursive-descent parsing?
To parse expressions with multiple terms
What does the factor() function do in recursive-descent parsing?
Parses nonterminal symbols in the RHS
What is the purpose of the expr() function in recursive-descent parsing?
To parse simple expressions
Which of the following is an example of a bottom-up parsing algorithm?
LR
What is the time complexity of parsers that work for any unambiguous grammar?
O(n3)
Which part of the parsing problem involves finding the correct RHS in a right-sentential form to reduce?
Handle
What is the most common bottom-up parsing approach?
Shift-reduce parsing
What trade-off is made when using parsers that only work for a subset of all unambiguous grammars?
Generality for efficiency
What is the time complexity of parsers used in commercial compilers?
O(n)
Which part of a language processor is responsible for syntax analysis?
Syntax analyzer
Which of the following is an example of a regular expression metacharacter?
What is the main purpose of a lexical analyzer?
To transform characters into tokens
What are the advantages of using BNF to describe syntax?
All of the above
This quiz tests your knowledge of deterministic finite state automata (FSA) and their application in recognizing the string "az". You will be presented with a FSA diagram and asked to identify the states and transitions that correspond to the given string. Get ready to demonstrate your understanding of FSA concepts and improve your skills in recognizing patterns!
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