Mastering Deterministic Finite State Automata

Which part of a language processor is responsible for syntax analysis?

The regular grammar
The parser (correct)
The lexical analyzer
The finite automaton

Based on the text, what does BNF stand for?

Basic Normal Form
Binary Number Format
Breadth-First Notation
Backus-Naur Form (correct)

What are the advantages of using BNF to describe syntax?

It provides a clear and concise syntax description (correct)
It simplifies the lexical analyzer
It is based on a regular grammar
It allows for easy maintenance of parsers

Why is it beneficial to separate lexical and syntax analysis?

To ensure portability of the parser (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a lexical analyzer?

To generate tokens from lexemes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a lexeme in the context of lexical analysis?

A substring of the source program (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a lexical analyzer transform?

Characters into tokens (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?

A DFSA can have at most one outgoing arc from a state for each input symbol. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the state transition function in a Finite State Automaton?

To label the arcs in the state diagram. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a valid regular expression?

(a+b)*c (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using character classes in a state diagram?

To combine transitions and simplify the state diagram. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of look-ahead in tokenizing a language?

To recognize patterns that are not part of the current token. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are conflicts between tokens with proper substrings resolved in lexical analysis?

By considering the longest match as the correct token. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of implementing a push-back mechanism in tokenization?

To handle conflicts between tokens with proper substrings. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the approaches to building a lexical analyzer?

Write a program that directly implements the tokens without using any formal description or state diagram (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about regular grammars is true?

Regular grammars are useful in expressing and recognizing tokens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a regular expression metacharacter?

. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regular expressions matches a floating point number?

[0-9]*.[0-9]+ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about regular expression matching is true?

There are libraries that compile regular expressions and use them to match strings (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a finite state automaton (FSA)?

A program that implements a state diagram (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the start state in a finite state automaton?

To represent the set of all possible tokens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which function is used to get the next character of input, determine its class, and put it in nextChar?

getChar() (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lex() function?

To read a token at a time and match as you read the tokens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the addChar() function?

To add the character from nextChar into the place where the lexeme is being accumulated (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the int lexLen variable represent in the code?

The length of the lexeme (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the int token variable represent in the code?

The token type (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the int nextToken variable represent in the code?

The next token type (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the getNonBlank() function?

To skip over all the blank spaces (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lookup() function?

To determine whether the string in lexeme is a reserved word (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the define UNKNOWN 99 represent in the code?

An unknown character class (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of grammars that disallows top-down parsing?

Pairwise disjointness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of left factoring in parsing?

To determine the correct right-hand side of a rule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the pairwise disjointness test check for in grammars?

Pairwise disjointness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the LL Grammar Class in parsing?

To modify a grammar (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a top-down parser?

It produces the parse tree in a leftmost derivation order. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bottom-up parser?

To produce the parse tree in a rightmost derivation order. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of terminal symbols in a grammar?

They are lowercase letters at the beginning of the alphabet. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lexeme in lexical analysis?

To add the character from nextChar into the lexeme being accumulated. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three approaches to building a lexical analyzer?

Use a regular expression to automatically generate a lexical analyzer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a metacharacter in regular expressions?

M (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the start state in a finite state automaton (FSA)?

To represent the set of all possible tokens (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?

It can have non-deterministic behavior (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?

A DFSA can have at most one outgoing arc from a state for each input symbol. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lookup() function in lexical analysis?

To determine if a possible identifier is a reserved word. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of look-ahead in tokenizing a language?

To determine if a token has ended without looking at further characters. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does a lexical analyzer transform?

Regular expressions into finite state automata. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common top-down parsing algorithms?

EBNF (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the term() function in recursive-descent parsing?

To parse expressions with multiple terms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the factor() function do in recursive-descent parsing?

Parses nonterminal symbols in the RHS (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the expr() function in recursive-descent parsing?

To parse simple expressions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bottom-up parsing algorithm?

LR (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the time complexity of parsers that work for any unambiguous grammar?

O(n3) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the parsing problem involves finding the correct RHS in a right-sentential form to reduce?

Handle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common bottom-up parsing approach?

Shift-reduce parsing (D) Signup and view all the answers

Mastering Deterministic Finite State Automata

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Questions and Answers

Which part of a language processor is responsible for syntax analysis?

Based on the text, what does BNF stand for?

What are the advantages of using BNF to describe syntax?

Why is it beneficial to separate lexical and syntax analysis?

What is the main purpose of a lexical analyzer?

What is a lexeme in the context of lexical analysis?

What does a lexical analyzer transform?

Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?

What is the purpose of the state transition function in a Finite State Automaton?

Which of the following is an example of a valid regular expression?

What is the purpose of using character classes in a state diagram?

What is the role of look-ahead in tokenizing a language?

How are conflicts between tokens with proper substrings resolved in lexical analysis?

What is the purpose of implementing a push-back mechanism in tokenization?

Which of the following is NOT one of the approaches to building a lexical analyzer?

Which of the following statements about regular grammars is true?

Which of the following is an example of a regular expression metacharacter?

Which of the following regular expressions matches a floating point number?

Which of the following statements about regular expression matching is true?

Which of the following is an example of a finite state automaton (FSA)?

What is the purpose of the start state in a finite state automaton?

Which function is used to get the next character of input, determine its class, and put it in nextChar?

What is the purpose of the lex() function?

What is the purpose of the addChar() function?

What does the int lexLen variable represent in the code?

What does the int token variable represent in the code?

What does the int nextToken variable represent in the code?

What is the purpose of the getNonBlank() function?

What is the purpose of the lookup() function?

What does the define UNKNOWN 99 represent in the code?

Which of the following is a characteristic of grammars that disallows top-down parsing?

What is the purpose of left factoring in parsing?

What does the pairwise disjointness test check for in grammars?

What is the purpose of the LL Grammar Class in parsing?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a top-down parser?

What is the purpose of a bottom-up parser?

Which of the following is a characteristic of terminal symbols in a grammar?

What is the purpose of the lexeme in lexical analysis?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three approaches to building a lexical analyzer?

Which of the following is NOT a metacharacter in regular expressions?

What is the purpose of the start state in a finite state automaton (FSA)?

Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?

Which of the following statements is true about a Deterministic Finite State Automaton (DFSA)?

What is the purpose of the lookup() function in lexical analysis?

What is the role of look-ahead in tokenizing a language?

What does a lexical analyzer transform?

Which of the following is NOT one of the most common top-down parsing algorithms?

What is the purpose of the term() function in recursive-descent parsing?

What does the factor() function do in recursive-descent parsing?

What is the purpose of the expr() function in recursive-descent parsing?

Which of the following is an example of a bottom-up parsing algorithm?

What is the time complexity of parsers that work for any unambiguous grammar?

Which part of the parsing problem involves finding the correct RHS in a right-sentential form to reduce?

What is the most common bottom-up parsing approach?

What trade-off is made when using parsers that only work for a subset of all unambiguous grammars?

What is the time complexity of parsers used in commercial compilers?

Which part of a language processor is responsible for syntax analysis?

Which of the following is an example of a regular expression metacharacter?

What is the main purpose of a lexical analyzer?

What are the advantages of using BNF to describe syntax?

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