Questions and Answers
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
transcription
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
translation
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
Polypeptides are assembled from _____
Signup and view all the answers
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____
Signup and view all the answers
A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.
Signup and view all the answers
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. What is the corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed?
Signup and view all the answers
What amino acid sequence will be generated based on the following mRNA codon sequence: 5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?
Signup and view all the answers
DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a promoter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?
Signup and view all the answers
What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the conservation of the TATA box in evolution illustrate?
Signup and view all the answers
During RNA processing, a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Transcription and Translation Processes
- Transcription: The process where DNA serves as a template to synthesize pre-mRNA.
- Translation: Information in mRNA is utilized to assemble polypeptides or proteins.
RNA Processing
- RNA Processing: Modifies pre-mRNA to mature mRNA through editing.
- Final Product: The processed RNA becomes mRNA, ready for translation.
Components Involved in Protein Synthesis
- Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins, assembled into polypeptides.
- Codons: Triplets of nucleotide bases (three bases) in mRNA that specify which amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.
Genetic Code and Transcription Details
- A DNA triplet (5' AGT 3') transcribes to mRNA codon (3' UCA 5').
- Example mRNA sequence (5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3') translates to the amino acid sequence: met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu.
Promoters and RNA Polymerase
- Promoter: A nontranscribed region in DNA that signals RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.
- RNA Polymerase: Enzyme that unwinds DNA and synthesizes RNA, starting at the promoter.
Mechanism of Transcription
- Begins after a specific nucleotide sequence (promoter), aided by transcription factors in eukaryotes.
- Base pairing between DNA template and RNA nucleotides determines RNA sequence.
- Newly synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template strand.
Termination and Functionality of RNA Polymerase
- In prokaryotes, termination occurs when RNA polymerase finishes transcribing the terminator sequence, releasing the RNA transcript.
- After transcription, RNA polymerase is free to initiate transcription on other genes.
Evolutionary Aspects
- The TATA box within promoters is highly conserved, indicating critical evolutionary importance; mutations are often detrimental.
Modifications in RNA Processing
- A modified guanine nucleotide (5' cap) is added to the 5' end of RNA during processing, aiding stability and translation initiation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 17 in Mastering Biology by reviewing essential terms like transcription and translation. These flashcards are designed to help reinforce your understanding of genetic processes. Perfect for students looking to solidify their grasp on key concepts in molecular genetics.
