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Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a lipid?
Which of these is NOT a lipid?
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____
as a component of animal cell membranes
Proteins are polymers of _____
Proteins are polymers of _____
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What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?
What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?
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The secondary structure of a protein results from _____
The secondary structure of a protein results from _____
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Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____
Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____
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The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
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There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
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Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?
Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?
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Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
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Which cell structures are found only in plant cells?
Which cell structures are found only in plant cells?
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Which cell structures are found only in animal cells?
Which cell structures are found only in animal cells?
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Which cell structures are found in both plant and animal cells?
Which cell structures are found in both plant and animal cells?
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Which statements are true for chloroplasts?
Which statements are true for chloroplasts?
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Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
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Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
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Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
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Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
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Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
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Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
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Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
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Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?
Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?
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Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. What is its most likely pathway?
Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. What is its most likely pathway?
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Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
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Which structure-function pair is mismatched?
Which structure-function pair is mismatched?
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The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____
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Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?
Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?
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Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
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According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?
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What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
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When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
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According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly
According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly
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Study Notes
Lipids and Proteins
- RNA is not classified as a lipid, while phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids, and waxes are.
- Olive oil is a rich source of unsaturated fats, unlike beef fat and butter, which are solid at room temperature.
- Cholesterol serves as a crucial component of animal cell membranes, although excess cholesterol can have harmful effects.
Protein Structure
- Proteins are made of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds.
- The secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, leading to formations like alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.
- Tertiary structure does not depend on peptide bonds but involves various interactions like ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
- Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.
- DNA and RNA differ in that DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar compared to RNA nucleotides.
Cell Structure
- Chloroplasts, cellulose cell walls, and central vacuoles are exclusive to plant cells.
- Animal cells possess centrioles, which are absent in plant cells.
- Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, nucleus, and plasma membrane are common to both plant and animal cells.
Chloroplasts and Energy Conversion
- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, perform photosynthesis, and include thylakoids surrounded by a stroma.
- The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in synthesizing oils, phospholipids, and steroids.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site for synthesizing proteins for export.
Organelle Functions and DNA
- Vacuoles occupy significant volume in plant cells and are crucial for storage.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles outside the nucleus that contain their own DNA.
- Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy, essential for photosynthesis.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Ribosomes are the only structures found in prokaryotic cells, while mitochondria are common in eukaryotic cells.
- Bound ribosomes are linked to the synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins.
Membrane Structure and Function
- The pathway for proteins includes synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, processing in the Golgi apparatus, and export via vesicles.
- The fluid mosaic model describes membrane phospholipids as capable of lateral movement within the bilayer.
- Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through the cell membrane more easily than ionic or large polar molecules.
Carrier Proteins and Cellular Responses
- Carrier proteins show specificity for their target molecules and can use energy to facilitate transport.
- In hypotonic solutions, plant cells become turgid due to water influx, while animal cells might lyse if the solution is too hypotonic.
Membrane Proteins
- Membrane proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and are essential for various functions, contributing to the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of lipids and fats with these Mastering Biology 2 flashcards. This quiz provides you with key questions related to the classification and functions of various lipids, including cholesterol and unsaturated fats. Challenge yourself and reinforce your understanding of biological concepts!
