Mastering Biology 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of these is NOT a lipid?

steroids

cholesterol

wax

phospholipid

RNA (correct)

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?

beef fat

lard

olive oil (correct)

butter

a fat that is solid at room temperature

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____

as a component of animal cell membranes

Proteins are polymers of _____

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

peptide Signup and view all the answers

The secondary structure of a protein results from _____

hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____

peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

the release of a water molecule Signup and view all the answers

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha carbon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?

hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structures are found only in plant cells?

chloroplasts, cellulose cell wall, central vacuole Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structures are found only in animal cells?

centriole Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structures are found in both plant and animal cells?

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, nucleus, plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which statements are true for chloroplasts?

They are the sites of reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

rough ER Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

vacuole Signup and view all the answers

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include

mitochondria and chloroplasts only Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?

chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Its structure is not derived from the ER Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?

Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins Signup and view all the answers

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. What is its most likely pathway?

ER -> Golgi -> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

microtubule; muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____

microtubules Signup and view all the answers

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?

microfilaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

phospholipids and proteins Signup and view all the answers

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small and hydrophobic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?

It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule Signup and view all the answers

When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

the cell will become turgid Signup and view all the answers

According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly

embedded in a lipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lipids and Proteins

RNA is not classified as a lipid, while phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids, and waxes are.
Olive oil is a rich source of unsaturated fats, unlike beef fat and butter, which are solid at room temperature.
Cholesterol serves as a crucial component of animal cell membranes, although excess cholesterol can have harmful effects.

Protein Structure

Proteins are made of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds.
The secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, leading to formations like alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.
Tertiary structure does not depend on peptide bonds but involves various interactions like ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions.

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.
DNA and RNA differ in that DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar compared to RNA nucleotides.

Cell Structure

Chloroplasts, cellulose cell walls, and central vacuoles are exclusive to plant cells.
Animal cells possess centrioles, which are absent in plant cells.
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, nucleus, and plasma membrane are common to both plant and animal cells.

Chloroplasts and Energy Conversion

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, perform photosynthesis, and include thylakoids surrounded by a stroma.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in synthesizing oils, phospholipids, and steroids.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site for synthesizing proteins for export.

Organelle Functions and DNA

Vacuoles occupy significant volume in plant cells and are crucial for storage.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles outside the nucleus that contain their own DNA.
Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy, essential for photosynthesis.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Ribosomes are the only structures found in prokaryotic cells, while mitochondria are common in eukaryotic cells.
Bound ribosomes are linked to the synthesis of membrane and secretory proteins.

Membrane Structure and Function

The pathway for proteins includes synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, processing in the Golgi apparatus, and export via vesicles.
The fluid mosaic model describes membrane phospholipids as capable of lateral movement within the bilayer.
Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through the cell membrane more easily than ionic or large polar molecules.

Carrier Proteins and Cellular Responses

Carrier proteins show specificity for their target molecules and can use energy to facilitate transport.
In hypotonic solutions, plant cells become turgid due to water influx, while animal cells might lyse if the solution is too hypotonic.

Membrane Proteins

Membrane proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and are essential for various functions, contributing to the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes.

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Test your knowledge of lipids and fats with these Mastering Biology 2 flashcards. This quiz provides you with key questions related to the classification and functions of various lipids, including cholesterol and unsaturated fats. Challenge yourself and reinforce your understanding of biological concepts!