Questions and Answers
What are carbohydrates commonly classified as?
What is the primary fuel source for all cells in the body?
glucose
Which lipid is used to make steroid hormones and cell membranes?
What must occur to maintain body weight?
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What is the process called when glucose is made from amino acids and fats?
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What organ stores most of the body's glycogen as a ready source of glucose?
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What hormone supplement can improve the condition of someone with hypothyroidism?
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What is referred to as all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life?
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Which of the following nutrients are considered major nutrients?
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The energy value of foods is measured in units called ________.
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The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as ________.
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What condition results from fat oxidation products acidifying the blood?
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What type of lipoprotein transports cholesterol and other lipids to body cells?
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What is the total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities called?
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What is the process by which large molecules are built up from smaller ones?
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Which of the following chemical reactions performed by the liver creates sugars from noncarbohydrate sources?
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Ketoacidosis results from the incomplete breakdown of ________.
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Which of the following statements is true regarding energy balance in the body?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Primary fuel source for all body cells is glucose.
- Types include monosaccharides (simple sugars) and polysaccharides (like starch and glycogen).
Lipids
- Major component of the diet classified as neutral fats (triglycerides).
- Cholesterol, found in lipids, is essential for steroid hormone and cell membrane formation.
Proteins
- Composed of amino acids, which are necessary for various biological functions.
- Complete protein sources include eggs, milk, meat, and fish.
Vitamins and Minerals
- Essential nutrients needed for various biochemical processes, often functioning as coenzymes.
- Main sources are vegetables, legumes, milks, and some meats.
Energy Measurement
- Energy value of food is measured in kilocalories (kcals) or calories.
Major Nutrients
- Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are regarded as major nutrients necessary for bodily functions.
Body Weight Maintenance
- To maintain body weight, energy intake from food must equal energy expenditure by the body.
Gluconeogenesis
- Process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and fats.
- Occurs in response to low blood glucose levels.
ATP Production
- Glucose is the preferred fuel for most body cells to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Glycogen Storage
- The liver is responsible for manufacturing and storing the majority of the body’s glycogen.
Hormonal Regulation
- Thyroxine is the hormone supplement that can improve conditions like hypothyroidism.
Metabolism
- Refers to all chemical reactions necessary to sustain life, including energy production and utilization.
Lipoproteins
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is responsible for transporting cholesterol and other lipids to body cells.
Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)
- Defined as the total kilocalories the body needs to fuel ongoing activities, notably rising during physical exertion.
Anabolism
- The metabolic process where larger molecules or structures are synthesized from smaller ones.
Energy Balance
- Energy balance occurs when energy intake equals total energy output; disruptions may lead to weight gain or loss.
- True statements about energy balance include an increase in energy intake with food consumption and that energy output comprises heat and work.
Ketoacidosis
- A condition resulting from the incomplete breakdown of fats, leading to acidification of blood.
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Test your knowledge of key nutritional concepts with our flashcards focused on carbohydrates and fats. Learn about their definitions, functions, and sources in the human diet. Perfect for mastering anatomy and physiology topics related to nutrition.
