Questions and Answers
Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.
Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.
Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.
Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?
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Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.
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What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
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What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?
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Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head 'yes'.
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Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head 'no'.
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Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.
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Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?
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Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.
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Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.
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Which region of the scapula articulates with another bone?
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Identify this muscle group that stabilizes the shoulder joint.
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Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.
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The adult hip bone consists of _____ regions.
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Which region of the hip bone articulates with the sacrum?
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Which landmark of the hip bone can be felt on a hard chair?
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What regions of the hip bones articulate to form a symphysis?
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Which of the following is the largest region of the hip bone?
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Identify the articulation site for the femur.
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Identify the large hole found in this bone.
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The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____.
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What region of the vertebral column does the hip bone articulate with?
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Which bone articulates in the acetabulum?
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The palpable hip bone projections in the front of the body felt when you put your hands on your hips are the posterior inferior iliac spines.
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The projection at the inferior end of the greater sciatic notch is the ischial spine.
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The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
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Identify the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur.
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Identify the region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint.
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Where is the femur particularly susceptible to a fracture?
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Identify the landmark that is unique to the femur.
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Identify the landmark found on the diaphysis of the femur.
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Identify the best description for the location of the head of the femur.
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The flat surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur is the superior surface of which landmark?
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Identify the bone found lateral to the tibia.
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Identify the anatomical landmark resulting in a noticeable bump found on the medial surface of the ankle.
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Name the bone that articulates with the distal end of the femur.
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Identify the blunt elevation found on the anterior surface of the tibia between the lateral and medial condyles.
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Which of the following landmarks can be found on both the tibia and fibula?
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Since mastoid infections may spread to the brain, surgical removal of the mastoid process was once considered to be the best way to prevent brain inflammation. Unfortunately, this also had the side-effect of causing __________.
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Fetal vertebrae develop through endochondral ossification from a preexisting __________ model. Fracture repair of these same bones involves the formation of __________ callus.
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A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development.
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Study Notes
Vertebral Structure and Function
- The body of a vertebra is the primary weight-bearing component, providing stability by stacking and distributing weight.
- The spinous process projects posteriorly in the median plane and serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
- Inferior articular processes are responsible for the articulation of adjacent vertebrae, forming a moveable synovial joint.
- Intervertebral discs are situated between vertebral bodies, acting as shock absorbers and not found within the vertebral foramen.
- The transverse process extends laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle of a vertebra.
Cervical Vertebrae Identification
- The atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra, uniquely structured to articulate with the skull.
- The axis (C2) features a projection called the odontoid process (dens), allowing rotation of the head by pivoting around the atlas.
- The atlanto-occipital joint between the occipital bone and atlas permits nodding movements, while the axis-alat relationship allows head rotation.
Scapula Anatomy
- The spine is a notable landmark on the posterior of the scapula, easily recognized during palpation.
- The glenoid cavity serves as the socket of the shoulder joint, supporting a highly movable joint stabilized by rotator cuff muscles.
- The acromion process articulates with the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint.
Hip Bone Structure
- The adult hip bone consists of three regions, merging from three separate bones in childhood.
- The ilium is the largest part of the hip bone, articulating with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.
Knee and Femur Relationship
- The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the hip bone, creating a significant ball-and-socket joint.
- The neck of the femur is susceptible to fractures, commonly referred to as a "fractured hip."
Tibia and Fibula Anatomy
- The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with those of the femur to form the knee joint.
- The medial malleolus forms a palpable bump on the tibia's medial surface, contributing to the ankle structure.
- Both the tibia and fibula possess malleoli, forming noticeable bumps at the ankle's inner and outer parts.
Other Important Anatomic Details
- Removal of the mastoid process may lead to impaired movement of the head and neck, as it is the origin of relevant muscles.
- Hyaline cartilage serves as the developmental model for fetal vertebrae, while fracture repair involves the formation of a fibrocartilage callus.
- A cleft palate results from the failure of the maxillae to fuse during fetal development.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human skeleton with this quiz based on Chapter 7 of Anatomy & Physiology. It covers key terms and functions of the vertebrae, including their structure and major components. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of skeletal anatomy.
