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Questions and Answers
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
Which part of a typical vertebra is the weight-bearing portion?
Which part of a typical vertebra is the weight-bearing portion?
What is the collective name for the 5 fused vertebrae in the lower part of the spine?
What is the collective name for the 5 fused vertebrae in the lower part of the spine?
Which vertebrae type has a body that is small but wider from side to side?
Which vertebrae type has a body that is small but wider from side to side?
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Which structure contains the spinal cord?
Which structure contains the spinal cord?
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What forms the intervertebral foramina?
What forms the intervertebral foramina?
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Which type of vertebrae has a heart-shaped body?
Which type of vertebrae has a heart-shaped body?
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How is the vertebral foramen of lumbar vertebrae described?
How is the vertebral foramen of lumbar vertebrae described?
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Which vertebrae type has a short and bifid spinous process for C2-C6?
Which vertebrae type has a short and bifid spinous process for C2-C6?
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Which vertebrae have transverse processes that extend posterolaterally?
Which vertebrae have transverse processes that extend posterolaterally?
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In lumbar vertebrae, how are the superior facets of articular processes directed?
In lumbar vertebrae, how are the superior facets of articular processes directed?
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Which type of vertebrae has a mammillary process on the posterior surface of each superior articular process?
Which type of vertebrae has a mammillary process on the posterior surface of each superior articular process?
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Which vertebrae have a bifid spinous process?
Which vertebrae have a bifid spinous process?
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Which vertebrae are known for their heart-shaped bodies?
Which vertebrae are known for their heart-shaped bodies?
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What is a unique feature of the vertebral foramen in lumbar vertebrae?
What is a unique feature of the vertebral foramen in lumbar vertebrae?
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Which vertebra is referred to as the 'vertebra prominens'?
Which vertebra is referred to as the 'vertebra prominens'?
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Where do the transverse processes of T1-T10 have an articulation facet?
Where do the transverse processes of T1-T10 have an articulation facet?
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Which vertebrae have superior facets directed posteromedially?
Which vertebrae have superior facets directed posteromedially?
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Study Notes
Regional Vertebrae
- The human spine consists of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused sacrum vertebrae, and 4 fused coccyx vertebrae.
Typical Vertebrae
- A typical vertebra has a body, which is the anterior, weight-bearing portion.
- The vertebral arch is located posterior to the body and contains the vertebral foramen, which houses the spinal cord.
- Pedicles are short, thick supports for the vertebral arch.
- Laminae are the plates extending posteriorly from the pedicles.
- Transverse processes are lateral projections for muscle attachment.
- The spinous process is a single posterior projection for muscle attachment.
- Superior articular facets are two superior surfaces on the vertebral arch.
- Inferior articular facets are two inferior surfaces on the vertebral arch.
- Intervertebral foramina are openings formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches.
Cervical Vertebrae
- Cervical vertebrae have a small body, but are wider from side to side.
- The superior surface of the body is concave, with a more anterior-posterior orientation.
Thoracic Vertebrae
- No specific details mentioned about thoracic vertebrae.
Cervical Vertebrae
- Articular process: superior facets directed superoposteriorly, inferior facets directed inferoanteriorly, with some being horizontal.
- Spinous process: short (C3-C6), bifid (C2-C6), with C7 being longer and known as the "vertebrae prominens".
Thoracic Vertebrae
- Body: heart-shaped, with one or two costal facets that articulate with the head of a rib.
- Vertebral foramen: circular and smaller than those in cervical and lumbar vertebrae.
- Transverse processes: long, strong, and extend posterolaterally, with length diminishing from T1-T7 and T1-T10 having articulation with the rib.
- Articular processes: superior facets directed posteriorly and slightly laterally, inferior facets directed anteriorly and slightly medially.
- Spinous processes: long, sloping posteroinferiorly, with tips extending to the level of the vertebral body below.
Lumbar Vertebrae
- Body: kidney-shaped when viewed superiorly.
- Vertebral foramen: triangular, larger than in thoracic vertebrae and smaller than in cervical vertebrae.
- Transverse processes: superior facets directed posteromedially, inferior facets directed anterodorsally, with a mammillary process on the posterior surface of each superior articular process.
- Spinous process: short, sturdy, thick, broad, and hatchet-shaped.
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Description
Learn about the regional and typical structure of vertebrae, including the body, vertebral arch, pedicles, and laminae.
