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What is the final stage of catabolism called?
What happens to the energy from the breaking of C-C and C-H bonds?
What is the function of NADH and FAD2H in oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the role of Proton Motive Force (PMF) in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the function of ATP Synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the physiological importance of proton leak?
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What is the function of Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)?
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What is the role of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue?
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What inhibits electron transport?
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What is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation?
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What is the consequence of inhibiting electron transport?
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What is the function of the energy released in electron transport?
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What is the final stage of catabolism called?
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What happens to the energy from the breaking of C-C and C-H bonds?
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What is the function of NADH and FAD2H in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the role of Proton Motive Force (PMF) in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the function of ATP Synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the physiological importance of proton leak?
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What is the function of Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)?
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What is the role of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue?
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What inhibits electron transport?
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What is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation?
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What is the consequence of inhibiting electron transport?
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What is the function of the energy released in electron transport?
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What is the final stage of catabolism?
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What happens to the energy from the breaking of C-C and C-H bonds?
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What do NADH and FAD2H contain?
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What is the function of Proton Motive Force (PMF)?
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What is required for ATP Synthesis?
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What is the role of Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)?
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What is the physiological importance of proton leak?
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What happens when electron transport is inhibited?
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What is the difference between Oxidative Phosphorylation and Substrate Level Phosphorylation?
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What is the function of Noradrenaline in relation to UCP1?
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What is the function of the electron transport system?
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What is the function of the ATP synthase complex?
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What is the final stage of catabolism?
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What is the purpose of the electron transport system?
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What is the role of proton translocating complexes in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the function of the ATP synthase complex?
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What is the physiological importance of proton leak?
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What is the role of Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)?
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What is the function of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue?
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What inhibits electron transport?
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What is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation?
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What is the relationship between electron transport and ATP synthesis?
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What is the role of NADH and FAD2H in oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the purpose of the proton motive force (PMF) in oxidative phosphorylation?
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Study Notes
Oxidative Phosphorylation: Key Features, Electron Transport, ATP Synthesis, Uncoupling, and Comparison with Substrate Level Phosphorylation
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is the final stage of catabolism, where NADH and FAD2H are oxidized by the electron transport system to pump protons into the intermembrane space, and the energy produced is used to synthesize ATP.
- All C-C and C-H bonds have been broken, and all the energy from the breaking of these bonds has gone to ATP/GTP formation and chemical bond energy of the electrons in NADH/FADH2.
- NADH and FAD2H contain high energy electrons that can be transferred to oxygen through a series of carrier molecules, releasing large amounts of free energy.
- Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, where electrons in NADH and FAD2H are transferred through four carrier molecules to oxygen, releasing free energy, and the free energy released in electron transport drives ATP synthesis from ADP + Pi.
- Proton Motive Force (PMF) is produced by moving protons from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane via proton translocating complexes, and the PMF is transformed into an electro-chemical gradient by the proton translocating complexes.
- ATP Synthesis requires energy derived from PMF produced across the inner mitochondrial membrane by electron transport, and protons can only re-enter the mitochondrial matrix via the ATP synthase complex, driving the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
- Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis are tightly coupled, and the mitochondrial concentration of ATP plays an important role in regulating both processes.
- Some substances can increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons, causing proton leak, which is physiologically important and accounts for 20-25% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
- Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) uncouple electron transport from ATP production to produce heat and are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Noradrenaline stimulates lipolysis releasing fatty acids to provide fuel for oxidation in brown adipose tissue, and UCP1 allows protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane without passing through the ATP synthase complex, dissipating the higher PMF as heat.
- Electron Transport is inhibited under anaerobic conditions and by substances such as carbon monoxide, cyanide, rotenone, and antimycin, and without the PMF, ATP cannot be synthesized and no heat is generated.
- Oxidative Phosphorylation requires membrane-associated complexes, while Substrate Level Phosphorylation requires soluble enzymes, and energy coupling occurs indirectly through the generation and subsequent utilization of a proton gradient (PMF) in Oxidative Phosphorylation, but directly through the formation of a high-energy hydrolysis bond (phosphoryl-group transfer) in
Oxidative Phosphorylation: Key Features, Electron Transport, ATP Synthesis, Uncoupling, and Comparison with Substrate Level Phosphorylation
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is the final stage of catabolism, where NADH and FAD2H are oxidized by the electron transport system to pump protons into the intermembrane space, and the energy produced is used to synthesize ATP.
- All C-C and C-H bonds have been broken, and all the energy from the breaking of these bonds has gone to ATP/GTP formation and chemical bond energy of the electrons in NADH/FADH2.
- NADH and FAD2H contain high energy electrons that can be transferred to oxygen through a series of carrier molecules, releasing large amounts of free energy.
- Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, where electrons in NADH and FAD2H are transferred through four carrier molecules to oxygen, releasing free energy, and the free energy released in electron transport drives ATP synthesis from ADP + Pi.
- Proton Motive Force (PMF) is produced by moving protons from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane via proton translocating complexes, and the PMF is transformed into an electro-chemical gradient by the proton translocating complexes.
- ATP Synthesis requires energy derived from PMF produced across the inner mitochondrial membrane by electron transport, and protons can only re-enter the mitochondrial matrix via the ATP synthase complex, driving the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
- Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis are tightly coupled, and the mitochondrial concentration of ATP plays an important role in regulating both processes.
- Some substances can increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons, causing proton leak, which is physiologically important and accounts for 20-25% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
- Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) uncouple electron transport from ATP production to produce heat and are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Noradrenaline stimulates lipolysis releasing fatty acids to provide fuel for oxidation in brown adipose tissue, and UCP1 allows protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane without passing through the ATP synthase complex, dissipating the higher PMF as heat.
- Electron Transport is inhibited under anaerobic conditions and by substances such as carbon monoxide, cyanide, rotenone, and antimycin, and without the PMF, ATP cannot be synthesized and no heat is generated.
- Oxidative Phosphorylation requires membrane-associated complexes, while Substrate Level Phosphorylation requires soluble enzymes, and energy coupling occurs indirectly through the generation and subsequent utilization of a proton gradient (PMF) in Oxidative Phosphorylation, but directly through the formation of a high-energy hydrolysis bond (phosphoryl-group transfer) in
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Test your knowledge of oxidative phosphorylation with this quiz! Learn about the key features, electron transport, ATP synthesis, uncoupling, and comparison with substrate level phosphorylation. Challenge yourself with questions on the inner workings of the electron transport system, the production of ATP, and the role of uncoupling proteins in regulating cellular metabolism. Whether you're a student studying biochemistry or a biology enthusiast, this quiz is sure to deepen your understanding of oxidative phosphorylation.
