General Physics 2 - First Semester (2nd Quarter)
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Questions and Answers

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has frequencies between about 30 THz and 400 THz?

  • Radio waves
  • Visible light
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared (correct)

    • What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

  • 3.0 x 10¹⁰ m/s
  • 3.0 x 10⁷ m/s
  • 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s (correct)
  • 3.0 x 10⁹ m/s

    • Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used primarily for communications including voice, data, and entertainment media?

  • Radio waves (correct)
  • Visible light
  • Infrared
  • Microwaves

    • Which type of electromagnetic radiation has frequencies greater than about 10¹⁸ Hz?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is invisible to human eyes but can be felt as heat if the intensity is sufficient?

    <p>Infrared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest range of frequencies, with wavelengths greater than about 10 millimeters (0.4 inches)?

    <p>Radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies for ultraviolet (UV) light?

    <p>greater than 10¹⁸ Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths for visible light?

    <p>740 nm to 380 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation occupies the same region of the spectrum as gamma rays?

    <p>Hard X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies for gamma rays?

    <p>greater than 10¹⁸ Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used for high-bandwidth communications, radar, and as a heat source for microwave ovens and industrial applications?

    <p>Radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths for infrared (IR) light?

    <p>100 μm (0.004 inches) to 740 nanometers (nm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies for visible light?

    <p>400 THz to 800 THz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has frequencies of about 3 × 10¹⁶ to about 10¹⁸ Hz and wavelengths of about 10 nm (4 × 10⁻⁷ inches) to about 100 picometers (pm), or 4 × 10⁻⁸ inches?

    <p>Soft X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has frequencies greater than about 10¹⁸ Hz and wavelengths of less than 100 pm (4 × 10⁻⁹ inches)?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mirror forms a highly diminished, virtual, and erect image when an object is placed at a finite distance?

    <p>Convex mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the image formed when an object is placed between infinity and the pole of a convex mirror?

    <p>Between the pole P and the focus F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the image formed by a convex mirror when an object is placed between infinity and the pole?

    <p>Diminished and virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal focus of a concave mirror?

    <p>The point at which all rays parallel and close to the principal axis converge at after reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focal length of a mirror?

    <p>The distance between the pole of the mirror and its focal point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mirror forms a highly diminished, virtual, and erect image when an object is placed at a finite distance?

    <p>Convex mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal focus of a concave mirror?

    <p>A point at which all rays parallel and close to the principal axis converge at after reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focal length of a mirror?

    <p>The distance between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the image formed when an object is placed between infinity and the pole of a convex mirror?

    <p>Between the pole P and the focus F, behind the mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the image formed by a convex mirror when an object is placed between infinity and the pole?

    <p>Diminished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the image formed by a convex mirror when an object is placed at a finite distance from the mirror?

    <p>The image is highly diminished, virtual, and erect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the image formed by a convex mirror when an object is placed at infinity?

    <p>At the focus F, behind the mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror when an object is placed between infinity and the pole?

    <p>Highly magnified, virtual, and inverted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the image formed by a convex mirror when an object is placed between the pole and the focus?

    <p>Between the pole P and the focus F, behind the mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the image formed by a concave mirror when an object is placed at infinity?

    <p>Highly diminished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Huygens' Principle, each part of the slit can be thought of as an emitter of waves. When crest meets crest, we have constructive interference, and when crest meets trough we have destructive interference.

    <p>Each part of the slit can be thought of as an emitter of waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Double-slit interference is famous in the history of physics because it demonstrates conclusively that light is a wave.

    <p>It demonstrates conclusively that light is a wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When monochromatic light passing through two narrow slits illuminates a distant screen, a characteristic pattern of bright and dark fringes is observed.

    <p>A pattern of bright and dark fringes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interference pattern in double-slit interference is caused by the superposition of overlapping light waves originating from the two slits.

    <p>The superposition of overlapping light waves from the slits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regions of constructive interference, corresponding to bright fringes, are produced when the path difference from the two slits to the fringe is an integral number of wavelengths of light.

    <p>When the path difference from the two slits to the fringe is an integral number of wavelengths of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that all points on a wavefront can be thought of as new sources of spherical waves?

    <p>Huygens’ Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when crest meets crest and we have constructive interference?

    <p>Constructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when crest meets trough and we have destructive interference?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pattern of bright and dark fringes observed when monochromatic light passing through two narrow slits illuminates a distant screen?

    <p>Interference pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for observing interference in the double-slit interference arrangement?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Huygens' Principle, what happens when crest meets crest and when crest meets trough?

    <p>Constructive interference and destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interference pattern observed when monochromatic light passing through two narrow slits illuminates a distant screen?

    <p>A characteristic pattern of bright and dark fringes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when crest meets trough and we have destructive interference?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for observing interference in the double-slit interference arrangement?

    <p>The interfering waves travel through different regions of space as they travel through different slits, the waves come together at a common point on the screen where they interfere, and the waves are coherent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies for gamma rays?

    <p>Greater than about 10¹⁸ Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations represents the relationship between energy and mass according to the text?

    <p>E = mc^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the momentum of an electron moving at a speed of 5 x 10^7 m/s with a mass of 9.11 x 10^-31 kg?

    <p>4.96 x 10^-23 kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the momentum of an electron moving at a speed of 4.9 x 10^9 m/s with a mass of 8 x 10^-36 kg?

    <p>3.96 x 10^-31 kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between energy and mass according to the equation E = mc^2?

    <p>Energy and mass are interchangeable with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in a vacuum according to the text?

    <p>3.0 x 10^8 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations represents the relationship between relativistic momentum and energy according to the text?

    <p>$P = \frac{mv},{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2},{c^2}}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the momentum of an electron moving at a speed of $5 \times 10^7$ m/s with a mass of $9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ kg?

    <p>$4.96 \times 10^{-23}$ kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the momentum of an electron moving at a speed of $4.9 \times 10^9$ m/s with a mass of $8 \times 10^{-36}$ kg?

    <p>$3.96 \times 10^{-31}$ kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between energy and mass according to the equation $E = mc^2$?

    <p>Energy and mass are directly proportional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what does the equation $E = mc^2$ suggest about energy and mass?

    <p>Energy and mass can be converted into each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations represents the relationship between relativistic momentum and energy according to the text?

    <p>$E = \frac{mc^2},{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2},{c^2}}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the momentum of an electron moving at a speed of $5 \times 10^7$ m/s with a mass of $9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ kg?

    <p>$P = 4.96 \times 10^{-23}$ kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the image formed by a convex mirror when an object is placed between infinity and the pole?

    <p>Virtual and inverted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when crest meets trough and we have destructive interference?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is invisible to human eyes but can be felt as heat if the intensity is sufficient?

    <p>Infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>Photoelectric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of all light?

    <p>Photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the color of matter?

    <p>Atomic spectra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic levels?

    <p>Quantum theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are usually seen as dark lines, or lines of reduced intensity, on a continuous spectrum?

    <p>Absorption lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>Photoelectric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of characteristic frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are readily absorbed and emitted by an atom?

    <p>Atomic Spectra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic levels?

    <p>Quantum Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest discrete amount or quantum of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>Photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the quantized orbits of electrons around an atom?

    <p>Atomic Spectra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of absorption lines in the spectra of stars?

    <p>They are usually seen as dark lines on a continuous spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about emission lines?

    <p>They occur when an atom in an excited state returns to a configuration of lower energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes quantum theory?

    <p>It explains the behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a photon?

    <p>A discrete unit of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic spectrum?

    <p>The range of characteristic frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are readily absorbed and emitted by an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is emitted during alpha decay?

    <p>Alpha radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of Carbon 14?

    <p>5,730 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation occurs when unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process?

    <p>Gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic constant that measures the time it takes for a radioactive substance to become reduced by half?

    <p>Half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nuclear reaction involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus with the release of energy?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation occurs when an atom's nucleus sheds two protons and two neutrons in a packet called an alpha particle?

    <p>Alpha decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic constant that measures the time it takes for a radioactive substance to become reduced by half because of decay?

    <p>Half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation refers to the particles emitted from nuclei because of nuclear instability?

    <p>Alpha radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of half-lives for the radioactive isotope Cobalt 60?

    <p>5.27 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nuclear reaction occurs when a heavy nucleus splits spontaneously or on impact with another particle?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation occurs when unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process?

    <p>Gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pattern of bright and dark fringes observed when monochromatic light passing through two narrow slits illuminates a distant screen?

    <p>Interference pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of half-lives for the radioactive isotope Cobalt 60?

    <p>5.27 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the image formed when an object is placed between infinity and the pole of a convex mirror?

    <p>Virtual and erect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror when an object is placed between infinity and the pole?

    <p>Real and inverted</p> Signup and view all the answers

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