56 Questions
Which direction does the leading strand grow in DNA replication?
5' to 3'
What is the direction of growth of the lagging strand in DNA replication?
3' to 5'
How are Okazaki fragments joined together in DNA replication?
By DNA ligase
Which model describes the synthesis of the lagging strand in DNA replication?
Trombone model
What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
It removes the RNA primer
Which DNA repair mechanism is responsible for removing larger mutations that distort DNA structure?
Nucleotide excision repair
What is the function of the Telomerase enzyme in DNA replication?
It maintains telomeric length
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix during DNA replication?
DNA helicase
Which type of DNA repair process is used to correct DNA mutations caused by exposure to UV radiation?
Nucleotide excision repair
During DNA replication, in which direction is the leading strand synthesized?
5' to 3'
Which protein is responsible for binding to the single-stranded DNA created by DNA helicase during DNA replication?
Single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short RNA primer during DNA replication?
Primase
Which type of DNA repair process is used to correct DNA mutations caused by errors during DNA replication?
Mismatch repair
Which enzyme is responsible for removing RNA primers and replacing them with DNA during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase I
Which repair pathway requires sister chromatids and occurs during S and G2 phase?
Homologous Recombination
Which repair pathway is used by post mitotic cells and cycling cells in G1?
Non-homologous End-Joining
Which repair pathway involves removing altered bases, removing the phosphoribose backbone, filling in the gap, and sealing the strand?
Base Excision Repair
Which repair pathway uses a repair template and requires sister chromatids?
Homologous Recombination
Which repair pathway does not use a repair template and directly ligates broken ends?
Non-homologous End-Joining
Which repair pathway recognizes mis-incorporated bases, removes them, and replaces them with the correct bases?
Mismatch repair
Which repair pathway removes incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases and replaces them with the correct bases?
Base Excision Repair
Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA double strand breaks?
Homologous Recombination
Which repair pathway binds to the double stranded break and recruits necessary polymerase and ligase to repair the break?
Non-homologous End-Joining
Which type of DNA mutation involves the substitution of a single base?
Point mutation
Which repair process is responsible for correcting base-pairing errors?
Mismatch repair
Which repair process is used to fix bulky lesions caused by UV radiation?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair process involves the removal of RNA primers and their replacement with DNA during DNA replication?
Base excision repair
Which type of DNA mutation involves the addition of extra bases?
Insertion
Which repair process involves the joining of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?
Double-strand break repair
Which repair process does not use a repair template and directly ligates broken ends?
Double-strand break repair
Which repair process is used to correct DNA mutations caused by exposure to mutagens?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair process is used to correct DNA mutations caused by errors during DNA replication?
Mismatch repair
Which repair process involves the alteration of the reading frame in DNA?
Frameshift mutation
Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
DNA ligase
Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in DNA?
Cytosine
What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?
To prevent the loss of genetic material during DNA replication
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
DNA helicase
What are the three parts of a nucleotide in DNA?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base
Which enzyme synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication?
Primase
Which nitrogenous base pairs with thymine in DNA?
Adenine
Which enzyme builds new DNA strands during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the structure of DNA?
Double-stranded helix
Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?
Helicase
What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?
To prevent the loss of genetic information
Which enzyme builds new DNA strands during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
Which repair pathway involves removing altered bases, removing the phosphoribose backbone, filling in the gap, and sealing the strand?
Base excision repair
During DNA replication, in which direction is the leading strand synthesized?
5'-to-3'
Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Which type of DNA mutation involves the substitution of a single base?
Point mutation
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short RNA primer during DNA replication?
Primase
Which repair pathway is responsible for removing incorrect bases with a few surrounding bases and replacing them with the correct bases?
Mismatch repair
What is the primary function of telomerase in DNA replication?
To synthesize the ends of linear chromosomes
Which repair pathway is used to fix larger mutations that distort DNA structure?
Nucleotide excision repair
Which repair pathway is responsible for repairing DNA double strand breaks?
DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)
What is the role of error checking and repair systems in maintaining the integrity of the genome?
To repair DNA damage
Test your knowledge on DNA replication with this informative quiz! Learn about the process of elongation, the directions of growth for the leading and lagging strands, and the role of ligase in joining Okazaki fragments. Don't miss out on understanding the trombone model for lagging strand synthesis as well.
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