Master the Basics of Anticoagulant Drugs
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Master the Basics of Anticoagulant Drugs

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the mechanism of action for heparin?

  • Interfering with the synthesis of coagulation factors
  • Inhibiting the action of coagulation factors
  • Binding to thrombin and factor Xa
  • Binding to antithrombin III and rapid inactivation of coagulation factors (correct)

    • What is the source of unfractionated heparin used for commercial purposes?

  • Dalteparin
  • Porcine intestinal mucosa (correct)
  • Histamine in mast cells
  • Enzymatic depolymerization

    • Which of the following is a low molecular weight form of heparin?

  • Heparin
  • Warfarin
  • Tinzaparin
  • Enoxaparin (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of heparin and LMWHs?

    <p>Treatment of chronic venous insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about LMWHs?

    <p>They do not cross the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of heparin and LMWH therapy?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of LMWHs?

    <p>Inactivation of factor Xa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary therapeutic use of urokinase?

    <p>Treatment of arterial thromboembolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of therapeutic urokinase?

    <p>Isolation from cultures of human kidney cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of urokinase?

    <p>Directly cleaves the arginine–valine bond of plasminogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the standard measure used to monitor the anticoagulant activity of warfarin therapy?

    <p>INR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal range for the INR during warfarin therapy for most indications?

    <p>2 to 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?

    <p>Antagonism of vitamin K cofactor functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thrombolytic agent has the longest half-life and the greatest binding affinity for fibrin?

    <p>Tenecteplase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thrombolytic agent is NOT approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke?

    <p>Streptokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thrombolytic agent is contraindicated in patients with a history of intracranial bleeding?

    <p>Alteplase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thrombolytic agent is derived from culture broths of group C β-hemolytic streptococci?

    <p>Streptokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the anticoagulant effects of warfarin?

    <p>The anticoagulant effects of warfarin may be delayed for 72 to 96 hours after drug administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of warfarin?

    <p>Treatment of protein C and S deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the pharmacokinetics of warfarin?

    <p>The mean half-life of warfarin is approximately 24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect of warfarin therapy?

    <p>Purple toe syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heparin

    • Mechanism of action: binds to antithrombin, enhancing its ability to inactivate thrombin and factor Xa
    • Source of unfractionated heparin for commercial purposes: pig intestine or cow lung tissue
    • Low molecular weight form of heparin: enoxaparin
    • NOT a therapeutic use of heparin and LMWHs: cancer treatment

    Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs)

    • Mechanism of action: inhibit factor Xa, preventing thrombin formation
    • True about LMWHs: they have a more predictable dosing and pharmacokinetics compared to unfractionated heparin
    • Potential adverse effect of heparin and LMWH therapy: bleeding

    Urokinase

    • Primary therapeutic use: treatment of pulmonary embolism
    • Source of therapeutic urokinase: human kidney cell culture
    • Mechanism of action: converts plasminogen to plasmin, breaking down fibrin clots

    Warfarin

    • Mechanism of action: inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
    • Standard measure used to monitor anticoagulant activity: international normalized ratio (INR)
    • Goal range for INR during warfarin therapy for most indications: 2-3

    Thrombolytic Agents

    • Thrombolytic agent with the longest half-life and greatest binding affinity for fibrin: tenecteplase
    • Thrombolytic agent NOT approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: urokinase
    • Thrombolytic agent contraindicated in patients with a history of intracranial bleeding: streptokinase
    • Thrombolytic agent derived from culture broths of group C β-hemolytic streptococci: streptokinase

    Warfarin Pharmacology

    • Most accurate statement about the anticoagulant effects of warfarin: it takes several days to reach maximum effect
    • NOT a therapeutic use of warfarin: acute coronary syndrome
    • True about the pharmacokinetics of warfarin: it has a narrow therapeutic index
    • Adverse effect of warfarin therapy: bleeding

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    Test your knowledge on anticoagulant drugs such as heparin and vitamin K antagonists with this quiz. Learn about their action, uses, and more!

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