Microspores develop into pollen grains with male gametophytes.
Pollen grains have walls made of sporo-pollenin for protection during transport.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen to the ovules of a seed plant.
Pollen grains germinate and form a pollen tube to deliver sperm to the female gametophyte.
Nonvascular and seedless vascular plants have free-living gametophytes that release flagellated sperm.
Seed plants can transfer sperm without water, allowing them to colonize dry habitats.
Sperm of seed plants do not require motility as they are carried by pollen tubes.
Some gymnosperm species have flagellated sperm, but most gymnosperms and all angiosperms do not.
The loss of flagella in sperm likely contributed to the success of seed plants.
Many nonvascular and seedless vascular plants live in moist habitats due to their dependence on water for sperm transport.

Test your knowledge on the fascinating world of plant reproduction with this quiz! From the development of microspores into pollen grains to the transfer of sperm without water in seed plants, this quiz covers it all. Learn about the differences between free-living gametophytes and pollen tubes, the role of sporo-pollenin in protecting pollen during transport, and the loss of flagella in sperm that led to the success of seed plants. Keywords: plant reproduction, pollen grains, gametoph