Animal Reproduction SAQs
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Questions and Answers

What is the average gestation period for a cow?

  • 200 days
  • 300 days
  • 283 days (correct)
  • 365 days

    • What part of the cow's reproductive system is primarily responsible for fertilization?

  • Cervix
  • Oviducts (correct)
  • Uterus
  • Vagina

    • Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the synthesis of LH and FSH?

  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
  • Estrogen
  • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) (correct)

    • What duration does oestrus typically last in a cow?

    <p>14 to 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major drawback of artificial insemination concerning expertise?

    <p>AI requires skilled personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the uterus play during gestation?

    <p>Nourishes and protects the embryo and fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can artificial insemination be considered a cost-effective method?

    <p>It eliminates the need to keep a bull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the bovine oestrous cycle, what is the primary role of progesterone (P4)?

    <p>Promotes maintenance of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of reliance on a few selected bulls in artificial insemination?

    <p>It decreases genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of sperm deposition in the cow reproductive tract?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when ruminants regurgitate their food to chew it again?

    <p>Rumination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary factor primarily leads to ruminant acidosis in cattle?

    <p>Ingestion of large amounts of fermentable, carbohydrate-rich feeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of bloat in ruminants?

    <p>Buildup of gas in the rumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can cattle acidosis be effectively prevented?

    <p>Through correct feeding and management of the herd.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do microbes play in the digestive process of ruminants?

    <p>They assist in the fermentation of food in the rumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HCl contribute to the digestive process in ruminants?

    <p>HCl maintains an acidic environment, achieving a pH of 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when excessive acid accumulates in the rumen?

    <p>It can lead to ruminant acidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to food during digestion in the stomach of ruminants?

    <p>It is chemically and physically broken down by gastric juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the reticulum in ruminants?

    <p>The reticulum aids in collecting smaller digesta particles and facilitates microbial fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the omasum in ruminant digestion?

    <p>The omasum is responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients from the digested food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four compartments of a ruminant's stomach?

    <p>The four compartments are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the teeth of ruminants differ in purpose from those of monogastric animals?

    <p>Ruminants have incisors for cutting, canines for tearing, and molars for grinding; their tooth structure aids in processing fibrous plant material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do microorganisms play in the digestion of ruminant animals?

    <p>Microorganisms in ruminants help ferment food, enabling the breakdown of cellulose and other complex carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the purpose of saliva in the digestive process of cattle.

    <p>Saliva acts as a lubricant, facilitates chewing and swallowing, and initiates the breakdown of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of flat premolars benefit ruminants?

    <p>Flat premolars allow ruminants to grind material effectively, which is crucial for breaking down fibrous plant cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the diet of ruminants and monogastrics?

    <p>Ruminants primarily consume plant-based materials, while monogastrics consume concentrate rations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rumination and why is it important for ruminants?

    <p>Rumination is the process where ruminants regurgitate and re-chew their food, which enhances digestion and nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does excessive intake of carbohydrate-rich feeds lead to ruminant acidosis?

    <p>Excessive carbohydrate-rich feeds ferment rapidly, producing excess acids in the rumen, causing acidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can farmers manage their cattle to prevent bloat?

    <p>Farmers can manage cattle by ensuring a proper diet, providing adequate fibrous feeds, and monitoring feeding patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microbes in the fermentation process of ruminants?

    <p>Microbes in the rumen ferment food components, particularly fibrous materials, aiding digestion and nutrient extraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the significance of pepsinogen activation in ruminants.

    <p>Pepsinogen is activated by HCl to form pepsin, which is vital for breaking down proteins into peptides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary changes occur in the rumen when transitioning to high grain diets?

    <p>The rumen undergoes adaptations to enhance its efficiency in digesting grains, requiring monitoring for acidosis risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to food in the ruminant stomach following initial ingestion?

    <p>Food is subjected to chemical breakdown by gastric juices and physical mixing through muscular contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the relationship between HCl and pepsinogen during digestion in ruminants.

    <p>HCl activates pepsinogen into pepsin, crucial for protein digestion in the acidic environment of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are absorbed in the small intestine of ruminants?

    <p>Amino acids, glucose, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the structural differences in the digestive systems of ruminants and monogastrics affect their diets?

    <p>Ruminants have a four-compartment stomach suited for fermenting fibrous plant materials, whereas monogastrics have a single-chambered stomach for digesting concentrate rations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways do the incisors and molars contribute to the digestion of ruminants?

    <p>Incisors are used for cutting and biting, while molars are used for crushing and grinding food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of anaerobic digestion for ruminants?

    <p>Anaerobic digestion allows ruminants to efficiently ferment and break down plant material, maximizing nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of saliva in the digestive process of cattle.

    <p>Saliva acts as a lubricant, facilitates chewing and swallowing, and initiates the breakdown of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do flat premolars play in the digestion of ruminants?

    <p>Flat premolars allow ruminants to grind material effectively, crucial for breaking down fibrous plant cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the reticulum in ruminants?

    <p>The reticulum aids in collecting smaller digesta particles and facilitates microbial fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the dental formula significant in differentiating ruminants from monogastrics?

    <p>Ruminants have a unique dental formula (0 I 0 C 3 PM 3 M) that differs from monogastrics (3 I 1 C 4 PM 3 M), reflecting their dietary adaptations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cow Reproductive Facts

    • Oestrus duration in cows is 14 to 24 hours, indicating the period when the cow is receptive to mating.
    • Average gestation period for a cow is 283 days, essential for fetal development.
    • Fertilization in cows occurs in the oviducts, where the sperm meets the egg.
    • The uterus plays a crucial role in gestation, providing nourishment and protection to the embryo and fetus.
    • Luteinizing hormone (LH) is primarily responsible for causing ovulation in cows.
    • The cervix's function is to prevent infection, serving as a barrier in the reproductive tract.

    Hormonal Influences

    • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) stimulates the synthesis of LH and FSH, key hormones in the reproductive cycle.
    • Progesterone (P4) promotes the maintenance of pregnancy during the bovine oestrous cycle.

    Artificial Insemination (AI) Insights

    • AI enables the use of superior genetics from top bulls, enhancing traits such as milk production and disease resistance.
    • AI is cost-effective as it eliminates the need for maintaining a bull, which incurs expenses for feeding, housing, and veterinary care.
    • AI practices reduce the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases, promoting healthier herds.
    • One major disadvantage of AI is the requirement for skilled personnel, which may be scarce in some regions.
    • Relying heavily on a few selected bulls can decrease genetic diversity, increasing the risk of inbreeding issues.

    Herd Health Management

    • AI minimizes disease transmission risks associated with natural mating, contributing to improved herd health.

    Ruminant Digestion Process

    • Ruminants regurgitate food for additional chewing, a process called rumination.
    • Their stomach contains four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.

    Acidosis in Cattle

    • Ruminant acidosis results from excessive ingestion of fermentable, carbohydrate-rich feeds.
    • Preventive measures include proper feeding and management practices.

    Bloat in Ruminants

    • The primary sign of bloat is gas accumulation in the rumen without effective release, causing discomfort.

    Fermentation and Gas Production

    • Gas generation in the rumen is a natural by-product of fermentation.
    • Improper gas release can cause bloat, leading to health complications.

    Rumen Microbiome

    • Ruminants rely on a symbiotic relationship with microbes that assist in food fermentation in the rumen.

    Stomach Composition and Function

    • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) maintains a pH of 2 in the stomach, crucial for digestion.
    • Pepsinogen converts to pepsin in the acidic environment, necessary for starting protein digestion.
    • Gastric juices facilitate the chemical breakdown of ingested food.

    Digestive Processes

    • Food undergoes both chemical and physical breakdown by gastric juices and muscular contractions.
    • The acidic environment enhances protein digestion by activating pepsinogen to pepsin.

    Dietary Adaptations

    • Transitioning to high-grain diets requires the rumen to adapt to enhance grain digestion efficiency.
    • Adequate fiber intake promotes rumen movement and peristalsis.

    Ruminant Stomach Functions

    • The reticulum collects smaller digesta and facilitates microbial fermentation.
    • The omasum absorbs water and nutrients.

    Nutrient Absorption

    • In the small intestine, nutrients such as amino acids, glucose, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into capillaries.

    Dental Differences

    • Ruminant dentition: unique dental formula (0 I 0 C 3 PM 3 M) differs from monogastrics.
    • Ruminants have specific dental structures that aid in processing fibrous plant material.

    Microbial Role in Digestion

    • Microorganisms in ruminants break down cellulose and complex carbohydrates through fermentation.

    Role of Saliva

    • Saliva serves as a lubricant, aids in chewing and swallowing, and initiates food breakdown.

    Importance of Anaerobic Digestion

    • Anaerobic digestion allows ruminants to efficiently ferment plant material, maximizing nutrient absorption.

    Functions of Teeth

    • Incisors cut and bite, while molars crush and grind food; flat premolars enhance grinding performance for fibrous material.

    Ruminant Digestion Process

    • Ruminants regurgitate food for additional chewing, a process called rumination.
    • Their stomach contains four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.

    Acidosis in Cattle

    • Ruminant acidosis results from excessive ingestion of fermentable, carbohydrate-rich feeds.
    • Preventive measures include proper feeding and management practices.

    Bloat in Ruminants

    • The primary sign of bloat is gas accumulation in the rumen without effective release, causing discomfort.

    Fermentation and Gas Production

    • Gas generation in the rumen is a natural by-product of fermentation.
    • Improper gas release can cause bloat, leading to health complications.

    Rumen Microbiome

    • Ruminants rely on a symbiotic relationship with microbes that assist in food fermentation in the rumen.

    Stomach Composition and Function

    • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) maintains a pH of 2 in the stomach, crucial for digestion.
    • Pepsinogen converts to pepsin in the acidic environment, necessary for starting protein digestion.
    • Gastric juices facilitate the chemical breakdown of ingested food.

    Digestive Processes

    • Food undergoes both chemical and physical breakdown by gastric juices and muscular contractions.
    • The acidic environment enhances protein digestion by activating pepsinogen to pepsin.

    Dietary Adaptations

    • Transitioning to high-grain diets requires the rumen to adapt to enhance grain digestion efficiency.
    • Adequate fiber intake promotes rumen movement and peristalsis.

    Ruminant Stomach Functions

    • The reticulum collects smaller digesta and facilitates microbial fermentation.
    • The omasum absorbs water and nutrients.

    Nutrient Absorption

    • In the small intestine, nutrients such as amino acids, glucose, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into capillaries.

    Dental Differences

    • Ruminant dentition: unique dental formula (0 I 0 C 3 PM 3 M) differs from monogastrics.
    • Ruminants have specific dental structures that aid in processing fibrous plant material.

    Microbial Role in Digestion

    • Microorganisms in ruminants break down cellulose and complex carbohydrates through fermentation.

    Role of Saliva

    • Saliva serves as a lubricant, aids in chewing and swallowing, and initiates food breakdown.

    Importance of Anaerobic Digestion

    • Anaerobic digestion allows ruminants to efficiently ferment plant material, maximizing nutrient absorption.

    Functions of Teeth

    • Incisors cut and bite, while molars crush and grind food; flat premolars enhance grinding performance for fibrous material.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on animal reproduction with this set of short answer questions. Covering important topics such as oestrus duration, gestation periods, and hormones involved, this quiz is perfect for anyone studying animal science. Enhance your understanding of reproductive physiology in livestock.

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